A retired Lieutenant Colonel of the Carabineros and five retired non-commissioned officers of the same institution, in addition to one civilian, were convicted by the visiting judge of Temuco, Fernando Carreño, for the kidnapping and disappearance in Pitrufquén in September 1973 of Enrique Tenorio Fuentes, a socialist teacher; Luis Calfuquir Villalón, administrator of the Pitrufquén hospital; and Osvaldo Burgos Lavoz, an agent of the Banco del Estado in that town.

Those convicted in the first-instance ruling are retired Lieutenant Colonel Carlos Moreno Mena (15 years, perpetrator), retired non-commissioned officers Reinaldo Lukowiak Luppy (15 years, perpetrator), Hugo Catalán Lagos (15 years, perpetrator), Domingo Silva Soto (15 years, perpetrator), Germán Fernández Torres (5 years, perpetrator), and Nadir Guzmán Pincheira (3 years, accessory).

The civilian Heriberto Babilek Budic received a sentence of 3 years and one day as an accessory. Only Guzmán and Babilek were granted the benefit of supervised release.

Source: La Nación, October 4, 2007

Supreme Court issues final ruling for dictatorship crimes in Pitrufquén

The Second Criminal Chamber of the Supreme Court issued a final ruling for the aggravated kidnapping of Einar Tenorio Fuentes and Luis Calfuquir Villalón, and the aggravated homicide of Osvaldo Burgos Lavoz, which occurred beginning on September 15, 1973, in the town of Pitrufquén, La Araucanía Region.

In a split decision, the highest court handed down the following sentences: 3 years and one day for Reinaldo Lukowiak Luppy; 729 days for Carlos Moreno Mena, Hugo Nibaldo Catalán Lagos, Domingo Silva Soto, and Germán Fernández Torres; 200 days for Nadir Guzmán Pincheira and Heriberto Babileck Druding.

All those convicted were granted the benefit of supervised release. This ruling was adopted with the dissenting votes of ministers Nibaldo Segura and Rubén Ballesteros, who were of the opinion that the statute of limitations for criminal prosecution should be applied.

Likewise, in the civil sphere, the same judges rejected the payment of that sum by accepting the plea of lack of jurisdiction of the court.

Source: La Nación, December 23, 2009

Two former Carabineros charged for the death of a young student in Pitrufquén in 1973

The visiting judge for human rights violation cases in the jurisdictions of Temuco, Valdivia, Puerto Montt, and Coyhaique, Álvaro Mesa Latorre, issued an indictment against Carlos Hernán Moreno Mena and Reinaldo Alberto Lukowiak Luppy as perpetrators of the crime of aggravated homicide of Daniel Mauricio Sepúlveda Contreras.

The crime was perpetrated in Pitrufquén in September 1973. In the resolution (case file 29.833), the investigating judge also charged Juan Alfonso Prado Ponce as the perpetrator of the crime of illegal detention of Sepúlveda Contreras. The crime was perpetrated in Toltén in September 1973. During the investigation phase of the case, Judge Mesa Latorre established the following facts:

A.-

That after September 11, 1973, as a result of an order issued throughout the country, the armed and security institutions, the Carabineros Station of Toltén, increased its staff as smaller units retreated to it, beginning to depend on the 5th Carabineros Precinct of Pitrufquén.

As a consequence of the above, there was a separation of functions in both police units; those under the command of the respective officers, and together with their trusted personnel, carried out various ground operations in which they proceeded to detain and interrogate people who had political or socially relevant ties; as well as those who were classified as extremists and were reported to the local authorities; who were detained to finally be taken to a facility specially equipped for political prisoners inside the 5th Carabineros Precinct of Pitrufquén, as will be detailed in point C of this presentation.

B.-

That regarding the chain of command, the Carabineros Station of Toltén was composed of its chief, First Sergeant Manuel Jesús Verdugo Reyes, who until that date served as chief of the Queule outpost, and other police officers, among whom were Juan Alfonso Prado Ponce, the unit's driver, and First Sergeant Haroldo Hernández Reyes (deceased); the first of whom, in the company of the second and/or Manuel Jesús Verdugo Reyes, among others, proceeded to detain and transport political prisoners to the unit's facilities; to subsequently take them to the facility detailed in the preceding paragraph, inside the 5th Carabineros Precinct of Pitrufquén. All by order of Captain Ramón Sergio Callis Soto (deceased) of the 5th Carabineros Precinct of Pitrufquén.

C.-

That in turn, Ramón Sergio Callis Soto, in command of said police unit and its subordinate units, organized and coordinated a special group of Carabineros within that precinct composed of unit personnel, among whom were Lieutenant Carlos Hernán Moreno and Sergeant Major Reinaldo Alberto Lukowiak Luppy, who, under the orders of the aforementioned officer, proceeded to detain, without an apparent judicial warrant, people considered opponents of the Military Regime; who were apprehended solely for their political affiliation and taken to the second floor of the stables of the 5th Carabineros Precinct of Pitrufquén; a place where many of these detainees were physically tortured, and which only members of this special group could enter. The whereabouts of many of those detainees remain unknown to this day.

D.-

That in the month of September 1973, and after the 11th of the same month, Daniel Mauricio Sepúlveda Contreras, 23 years old, a student at the Universidad de Chile and Chemistry teacher at the Liceo Nueva Toltén, with no known political affiliation, was detained at night by personnel from the Carabineros Station of the same commune.

This took place at the boarding house where he resided, located on Calle Los Copihues s/n in said commune, in the presence of the landlady, Mrs. Teresa Rodríguez, and the inspector of the establishment where he worked, named Nelson Araneda, who also paid for room and board at that place.

Among his captors was First Sergeant Manuel Jesús Verdugo Reyes, who, as stated, was in charge of the Toltén station at that time; Sergeant Haroldo Hernández Reyes; and Carabinero Juan Nolberto Caamaño Toledo, from the same police unit.

The aforementioned detention is confirmed by an informal report to the Carabineros of Toltén made by the aforementioned inspector regarding Sepúlveda Contreras's alleged political ties.

E.-

That a few hours later, Carabineros officials from Toltén went again to the property where Sepúlveda Contreras paid for room and board, with the purpose of removing all of his belongings. These were handed over by the landlady's daughter to the officials of the aforementioned station, in the presence of a minor, Mrs. Rodríguez's grandson, named Jorge Lito Peña Erices.

F.-

That after interrogating him and accusing him of a plan to assassinate the Carabineros of Toltén, Sepúlveda Contreras was transported in a pickup truck—which at that time had been seized from a public service for the use of the uniformed officers—by the only Carabinero who knew how to drive in that police unit, Juan Alfonso Prado Ponce, who was also officially designated for those tasks, and by First Sergeant and Chief of the Toltén Station Manuel Jesús Verdugo Reyes, who transported the victim to the 5th Carabineros Precinct of Pitrufquén.

G.-

That Daniel Sepúlveda was admitted to the 5th Precinct of Pitrufquén and taken to the second floor of the unit's stables, a place where, as stated, from September 11, 1973, they kept all persons brought in for political reasons in detention.

In this place, Sepúlveda Contreras was seen by other detainees, among them an English teacher named Óscar Seguel Jofré, who at the time of the events served as director of School No. 34 “Villa Donguil” and was a government delegate in that sector, reasons for which he knew Daniel Sepúlveda.

Even in those moments when both were in detention, he was able to observe the student's poor physical condition and hear his complaints resulting from it; furthermore, the young man managed to tell him that he was doing his teaching internship in Toltén.

However, a few minutes later, Daniel Sepúlveda Contreras stopped complaining, and he was able to observe that the young man had died beside him. After which, the Carabineros who were there wrapped him in a blanket, taking him out of the facility half an hour later and not returning to the place again.

H.-

That as a result of the above, Sepúlveda Contreras's mother, Mrs. Hilda Contreras Lara, traveled from Santiago to the commune of Toltén in order to find out what had happened to her son. In said commune, she went to the Carabineros Station of Toltén, where they told her that her son had been transferred to the Pitrufquén Precinct.

A place she subsequently went to, where she was shown the detention logbook of the time, verifying that he had indeed been detained there, with no record of a release order or an alleged transfer to another police unit. Despite the above, she made inquiries at the different Carabineros units in the region, not obtaining a clear answer about what happened to her son.

I.-

That after the episodes described above, Daniel Sepúlveda Contreras's mother never again had news about his fate, with only the existing account in the Museum of Memory and Human Rights remaining today, which gives an account of the disappearance following the aforementioned detention; it being possible to verify until now, as has been said, that Daniel Mauricio Sepúlveda Contreras died in the presence of Mr.

Óscar Manuel Seguel Jofré.

J.-

Finally, to date, no public official of the Carabineros of the 5th Precinct of Pitrufquén who served at the time of the events has provided any information to the respective authority regarding what happened to Daniel Sepúlveda Contreras's body, maintaining to this day the concealment of all types of information regarding his death.

Source: proaraucania.com, March 26, 2019

Two former Carabineros convicted for the crime of an agricultural worker in Pitrufquén in 1973

The visiting judge for human rights violation cases in the jurisdictions of Temuco, Valdivia, Puerto Montt, and Coyhaique, Álvaro Mesa Latorre, convicted two former Carabineros officials for their responsibility in the consummated crime of aggravated homicide of agricultural worker Pedro Curihual Paillán, as a crime against humanity.

The crime was committed in the Fifth Precinct of Pitrufquén in September 1973. In the ruling (case file 29.876), Judge Mesa Latorre sentenced the former officer who at the time of the events was a Lieutenant of Carabineros, Carlos Hernán Moreno Mena, to 12 years of effective imprisonment as the perpetrator of the crime, plus the legal accessories of absolute perpetual disqualification for public offices and political rights, and absolute disqualification for professional titles for the duration of the sentence.

Meanwhile, former Carabinero Germán Fernández Torres, as an accessory to the crime, must serve 541 days of effective imprisonment, with the accessory of suspension from public office during the time of the sentence.

Pedro Curihual Paillán, 25 years old, agricultural worker, union leader, sympathizer of the Salvador Allende Government, residing in the rural sector 'Loica' of the commune of Pitrufquén, was detained on September 15, 1973, in the morning hours, while he was walking with his partner through the town's main square.

Curihual Paillán had gone to the town with the purpose of presenting himself at the facilities of the 5th Carabineros Precinct of Pitrufquén due to the existence of a military decree that mentioned his name among the people who had to turn themselves in to the de facto authorities.

However, before completing that act, he was seized in the square by at least 2 Carabineros, who descended from a private pickup truck, immediately blindfolding him and handcuffing his wrists behind his back, to then put him in the back of the vehicle, which headed toward the facilities of the aforementioned precinct.

These events were witnessed not only by his partner but also by various people, acquaintances, and relatives of the victim who observed the worker's detention from a distance. Given this, on the same day of the detention, three of his sisters went around 6:00 p.m. to the facilities of the 5th Precinct of Pitrufquén, where an official informed them that Pedro was indeed detained, for which reason they requested authorization to bring him food and warm clothing; the official agreed to that request, however, upon returning with them, the same uniformed officer told them that Pedro was no longer there, without giving them any certain information regarding the situation and whereabouts of their brother. Pedro Curihual Paillán was indeed admitted to the facilities of the 5th Precinct of Pitrufquén and taken to the second floor of the unit's stables, a place where, from September 11, 1973, they kept people arrested for political reasons in detention. In this place, in the early hours of September 16, 1973, Pedro Curihual was seen by Mrs. Elena Henríquez Henríquez, who had also been detained on September 15 for having gone to the police station to ask about her husband, who in turn had been arrested at his home on September 14. Armando Curihual, Pedro's father, like his siblings, began a fruitless search in different detention centers in the area, even inquiring weeks later again at the 5th Carabineros Precinct of Pitrufquén, where they affirmed that his son did not appear among the detainees; in addition to going to other facilities such as prisons, hospitals, and military barracks in the city of Temuco, without obtaining any result or information about his whereabouts. On March 20, 1979, his sister Fresia Curihual filed a complaint with the Pitrufquén Court of Letters, without achieving any further results, which is why Pedro Curihual's relatives and friends never again had news about his fate. After September 11, 1973, the 5th Carabineros Precinct of Pitrufquén increased its staff with smaller units that retreated to that facility from smaller outposts, all of them sleeping in that police barracks, as a superior order forced them to remain in a state of confinement. In command of this reinforced unit was Captain Ramón Callis Soto (deceased), who organized and coordinated a special group of Carabineros composed of unit personnel, among whom was Lieutenant Carlos Hernán Moreno Mena, who was second in command; Sergeant Major Reinaldo Alberto Lukowiak Luppy, third in the hierarchy; in addition to Carabineros Germán Fernández Torres, Domingo Antonio Silva Soto (deceased), and Hernán Mella Lagos (deceased), among others. These officials, under the orders of the aforementioned officer, proceeded to detain people who had political or socially relevant ties considered opponents of the military regime. The arrested persons were taken in private pickup trucks provided for those purposes by the repressive police to the facilities of the 5th Carabineros Precinct of Pitrufquén. At that police barracks, the detainees were brought in through a 'false' door, not being registered in the guard books, to immediately be taken to the second floor of the unit's stables. In that facility, the political detainees were tied up, gagged, and blindfolded, to then be physically tortured through the application of kicks, punches, and electric shocks to different parts of their bodies. Under these circumstances, many of those detainees were able to confirm that that facility was set up for those purposes and, furthermore, could perceive the presence of other detainees in the same conditions, because, although they were blindfolded, they could hear the noises they made and the screams of pain resulting from the torture to which they were subjected. Only members of this special group, of higher rank and trust of Captain Callis, had access to this facility of kidnapping and torture, with the whereabouts of many of those detainees remaining unknown to this date. by Darío Núñez

Source: resumen.cl, November 26, 2022

Two retired Carabineros convicted for the death of a university student in September 1973

At the time he was murdered, the young man was completing his professional internship (he was in his final year of Pedagogy at the Universidad de Chile) as a Chemistry teacher at a high school in Pitrufquén, La Araucanía region.

The visiting judge for human rights violation cases during the dictatorship, Álvaro Mesa, convicted two retired Carabineros for the crime against university student Daniel Mauricio Sepúlveda Contreras (23) in September 1973.

At the time he was murdered, the young man was completing his professional internship (he was in his final year of Pedagogy at the Universidad de Chile) as a Chemistry teacher at a high school in Pitrufquén, La Araucanía region.

In that context, Sepúlveda was at a boarding house in Toltén when he was detained by Carabineros Carlos Hernán Moreno Mena and Juan Alfonso Prado Ponce, who transported him to the stables of the Fifth Precinct of Pitrufquén, where he was beaten, tortured, and murdered.

Sentence The visiting judge sentenced the former Lieutenant and current retired Carabineros Commander, Carlos Hernán Moreno Mena (75), to a sentence of 13 years in prison for being the perpetrator of aggravated homicide.

Meanwhile, retired First Sergeant Juan Alfonso Prado Ponce (79) was sentenced to three years in prison for the crime of illegal detention. Likewise, the state was ordered to pay compensation of 200 million pesos for moral damages to the victim's siblings.

Source: elmostrador.cl, December 3, 2022

The minister on extraordinary assignment for human rights violation cases in the jurisdictions of Temuco, Valdivia, Puerto Montt, and Coyhaique, Álvaro Mesa Latorre, issued an indictment against a retired Carabineros officer for his responsibility in the consummated crime of the aggravated kidnapping of social leaders Celso Avendaño Alarcón and Luis Anselmo Fernández Barrera, and public official Ismael Rolando Bocaz Muñoz.

These crimes were perpetrated in October 1973 in the commune of Pitrufquén.

In the resolution (case file 29.875), the visiting minister identified the lieutenant at the time of the events, Carlos Hernán Moreno Mena, as the perpetrator of these crimes against humanity.

During the investigation stage, Minister Mesa Latorre gathered sufficient evidence to establish the following facts:

“A.- That after September 11, 1973, and the coup d'état that affected the country, as a result of an order issued nationwide to the armed and law enforcement institutions, the 5th Carabineros Precinct of Pitrufquén increased its personnel by absorbing smaller units, such as the Lastarria and Los Galpones outposts; furthermore, the uniformed officers were required to sleep at said police facility, as the order compelled them to remain in a state of barracks confinement or level 1 alert.

B.- In command of this unit and its dependent units as the superior officer was Captain Ramón Sergio Callis Soto (deceased, see page 475, Vol. II; copy on page 1,977, Vol. VII), who organized and coordinated a special Carabineros patrol group composed of officers from the unit under his command for the control and detention of individuals for political reasons in Pitrufquén and surrounding communes such as Toltén, Hualpín, Lastarria, Comuy, Los Boldos, Queule, Quitratué, and Los Galpones.

This group included Lieutenant Carlos Hernán Moreno Mena, who was second in command; Sub-officer Major Reinaldo Alberto Lukowiak Luppy (deceased, see page 800, Vol. III; copy on page 1,784, Vol. VI), the third-ranking man in the unit; as well as uniformed officers Germán Fernández Torres, Domingo Antonio Silva Soto (deceased, see page 489, Vol.

II; copy on page 983, Vol. IV), Hernán Mella Lagos (deceased, see page 486, Vol. II; copy on page 980, copy on page 1,191, Vol. IV), Emilio Caro Pérez (deceased, see page 476, Vol. II; copy on page 1,978, Vol.

VII), Octavio Castillo (deceased, see page 477, Vol. II; copy on page 971, page 1,190, Vol. IV), Haroldo Hernández Reyes (deceased, see page 478, Vol. II; copy on page 972, Vol. IV), José Eleodoro Ortiz Ulloa (deceased, see page 479, Vol.

II; copy on page 973, Vol. IV; copy on page 1,981, Vol. VII), Pedro Nahuelhual Cuminao (deceased, see page 480, Vol. II; copy on page 974, Vol. IV; copy on page 1,982, Vol. VII), Pedro Zárate Rojas, Juan Asenjo Rojas (deceased, see page 481, Vol.

II; copy on page 975, Vol. IV; copy on page 1,983, Vol. VII), Eleodoro Merino Salas, Ambrosio Antipán Linconao (deceased, see page 482, Vol. II; copy on page 976, Vol. IV; copy on page 1,984, Vol. VII), Hugo Catalán Lagos (deceased, see page 657, Vol.

I), Juan Contreras Muñoz (deceased, see page 483, Vol. II; copy on page 978, Vol. IV; copy on page 1,985, Vol. VII), Reinaldo Hernández Reyes (deceased, see page 484, Vol. II), José Meriño Ferreira (deceased, see page 487, Vol.

II; copy on page 981, Vol. IV), Carlos Ramírez Gatica, Germain Punulef Caniulef (deceased, see page 488, Vol. II; copy on page 506, Vol. II; copy on page 982, Vol. IV; copy on page 1,990, Vol. VII), Arnoldo Villagrán Fica, and David Pinilla Novoa, as recorded in the personnel roster of the 5th Carabineros Precinct of Pitrufquén for the months of September to December 1973 on page 463 (Vol.

II), and the statements of former Carabineros officers from Toltén and Los Galpones: Juan Alfonso Prado Ponce (pages 733–734 and 769–774, Vol. III); Luis Arnoldo Becerra Jaramillo (pages 147–148, 189–190, Vol.

I; pages 679–680, Vol. II; and pages 717–718, Vol. III); Guillermo Fabio Muñoz Rhode (pages 164–186, Vol. I; and pages 524–525, Vol. II); Juan Fernando Rioseco Montoya (pages 274–276, Vol. I; and pages 538–539, 544–545, Vol. II); Raúl Fernando Mora Vallejos (pages 1,031–1,032, Vol. IV); and Francisco Javier Navarrete Quijón (pages 1,047–1,048, Vol. IV; and pages 1,113–1,114, Vol. IV).

C.- That Celso Avendaño Alarcón, a cabinetmaker and leader at the Los Boldos settlement, lived with his family in the commune of Pitrufquén, where he was recognized by the inhabitants for his work in the commune and surrounding areas.

On October 25, 1973, after being released from serving a sentence in the Pitrufquén public jail, according to the statements of Hernando Atilio Madariaga Fernández (pages 430–432, Vol. II; and pages 1,015–1,016, Vol.

IV), he was detained again by officers from the 5th Carabineros Precinct of Pitrufquén in the commune. He was seen being loaded into a pickup truck by Dominica Aguilera Caamaño (deceased, see page 2,567, Vol.

VIII), according to her statements (page 283, Vol. I; copy on page 1,276, Vol. IV; copy on page 2,237, Vol. VII; pages 438–440, Vol. II; copy on pages 1,452–1,454, Vol. V; copy on pages 2,442–2,444, Vol.

VIII), after they had detained other people that same day. From that moment on, all traces of him have been lost to this day. This is further supported by the statements of Rosalía Silva Mardones (pages 423–424, Vol.

II; and pages 657–659, Vol. II); Luis Arnoldo Becerra Jaramillo (pages 147–148, 189–190, Vol. I; and pages 679–680, Vol. II); María Elena Calfuquir Henríquez (pages 225–230, Vol. I; and pages 857–864, Vol.

III); Orfelina Vásquez Vásquez (page 61, Vol. I; pages 388–389, Vol. II; and pages 390–391, Vol. II); Octavio Castillo (pages 232–233, Vol. I); and the report from the president of the Association of Relatives of the Forcibly Disappeared of the IX Region (pages 6–7, Vol. I; copy on pages 1,928–1,929, Vol. VII).

D.- That on the same day Celso Avendaño Alarcón was detained, Luis Anselmo Fernández Barrera—a merchant, artisan, member of the Socialist Party, and leader at the Los Boldos settlement who lived with his wife and children in the center of Pitrufquén—was also detained.

He was taken from his home by officers from the 5th Carabineros Precinct of Pitrufquén. Eyewitnesses to this event included his wife, Rosalía Silva Mardones, according to her statements (pages 951–952 and 1,112, Vol.

IV), and his neighbor Dominica Aguilera Caamaño (deceased, see page 2,567, Vol. VIII), according to her statements (page 283, Vol. I; copy on page 1,276, Vol. IV; copy on page 2,237, Vol. VII; pages 438–440, Vol.

II; copy on pages 1,452–1,454, Vol. V; copy on pages 2,442–2,444, Vol. VIII). They identified among his captors the Carabineros Reinaldo Lukowiak Luppy (deceased, see page 800, Vol. III; copy on page 1,784, Vol.

VI) and Octavio Castillo (deceased, see page 477, Vol. II; copy on page 971, page 1,190, Vol. IV). He was immediately loaded into a pickup truck by the officers, where they also saw the detained Celso Avendaño Alarcón and other people.

Both women went to the 5th Carabineros Precinct of Pitrufquén to inquire about Fernández Barrera's whereabouts, where they were denied that he was being held there and were told not to insist on searching for him, despite their efforts and inquiries at various detachments in the region.

To this day, the whereabouts of Luis Anselmo Fernández Barrera remain unknown. This is corroborated by the statements of María Elena Calfuquir Henríquez (pages 225–230, Vol. I; and pages 857–864, Vol. III); Ángel Ascanio Fernández Barrera (pages 1,058–1,059, Vol.

IV; pages 1,827–1,828 and 1,853–1,854, Vol. VI); and the report from the president of the Association of Relatives of the Forcibly Disappeared of the IX Region (pages 6–7, Vol. I; copy on pages 1,928–1,929, Vol. VII).

E.- That Ismael Rolando Bocaz Muñoz, married, an official of the Governorate and a member of the Communist Party, after his home on Calle Vicuña Mackenna was raided three times and he was sought by officers from the 5th Carabineros Precinct of Pitrufquén, voluntarily presented himself at the aforementioned precinct on October 18, 1973.

Despite this, and notwithstanding the efforts of his wife, Isolina Peña Pérez, to find him, there has been no news of Ismael Bocaz Muñoz's whereabouts since that day, according to the statements of his relatives Isolina Peña Pérez (pages 1,960–1,961 and 2,122–2,123, Vol.

VII) and Patricio Leónidas Bocaz Peña (page 2,804 and pages 2,849–2,850, Vol. IX). This is also supported by the statements of María Elena Calfuquir Henríquez (pages 225–230, Vol. I; and pages 857–864, Vol.

III); Rubén Darío López Llanos (pages 2,479–2,480 and 2,514–2,515, Vol. VIII); Dominica Aguilera Caamaño (deceased, see page 2,567, Vol. VIII) (page 283, Vol. I; copy on page 1,276, Vol. IV; copy on page 2,237, Vol.

VII; pages 438–440, Vol. II; copy on pages 1,452–1,454, Vol. V; copy on pages 2,442–2,444, Vol. VIII); and the report from the president of the Association of Relatives of the Forcibly Disappeared of the IX Region (pages 6–7, Vol. I; copy on pages 1,928–1,929, Vol. VII).

F.- That to this date, no public official of the Armed Forces, especially the Carabineros de Chile command that served at the time of the events, has provided any information to the respective authority regarding what actually happened concerning the fate of Celso Avendaño Alarcón, Luis Anselmo Fernández Barrera, and Ismael Rolando Bocaz Muñoz. This situation persists to this day.”

Source: pjud.cl, February 7, 2024