It is true that some may have only performed their duties as physicians attending to the health of officials; however, there is evidence of doctors who dedicated themselves to assisting in torture methods, allocating medication for interrogations—such as the so-called “truth serum”—falsifying documents, tampering with clinical records, or signing death certificates with causes of death that concealed the responsibility of state agencies.

Doctors of death, free and practicing

According to human rights lawyer Carmen Hertz, there is a list of about thirty doctors linked to the dictatorship who remain in impunity. Evidence of this is the case of Bernardo Lejderman and María Avalos, killed in 1973 by military personnel in the north, a crime that only recently came to light due to Ernesto Lejderman’s public demand for truth upon learning that his parents had not committed suicide with explosives, as stated in the medical report signed by Guido Díaz Paci, a doctor who remains active to this day, working in the Traffic Department of the La Serena municipality.

But this is not the only case, and some attend to patients in well-known medical center chains. In 2013, lawyer Hertz accused doctors complicit in extermination policies of currently holding executive positions in places such as Clínica Dávila or Clínica Indisa.

But we do not only have doctors of death currently practicing in Chile. Journalist Javier Rebolledo, author of the book La Danza de Los Cuervos (The Dance of the Ravens), points out that nurse Gladys Calderón took knowledge from other doctors who injected people with 5 ml of pentothal to kill them, and between 1976 and 1977, she dedicated herself to murdering detainees at the Simón Bolívar barracks via injection.

The cases are countless, some more well-known, such as the doctors who attended to former President Eduardo Frei Montalva.

Sinister doctors in the present

The most chilling aspect is knowing that, in the present, doctors with pasts involving death, torture, the CNI, or the DINA may have attended to you or your relatives in well-known medical centers. For example, Camilo Azar Saba has worked as an orthopedist at Integramédica Alto Las Condes, and Vitorio Orvieto Tiplizki as an ophthalmologist at the same center’s Maipú branch.

In 2016, it was reported that Pablo César Oyanguren Plaza, alias “Cicerón Videla,” works at the Faculty of Dentistry of the Universidad Mayor in Alameda. Oyanguren was a member of the DINA’s “Health Brigade,” a repressive apparatus of the Pinochet dictatorship that operated in the clandestine clinic at Calle Santa Lucía 162.

Once the DINA was dissolved, the then-dentist went on to join the sinister CNI.

Below is a list of doctors who are in this situation, as published by Radio Universidad de Chile:

Darwin Arriagada

– Physician, leader of the Medical Association of Chile in 1973. He was appointed by the Military Junta as Director General of Health. He participated in the plan to administer drugs in food to murder political prisoners. He turned in numerous leftist doctors, more than 30 of whom were murdered. He practices at Santa María 217, office 34, Independencia commune.

Camilo Azar Saba

– CNI physician. He was suspended for six months from the Medical Association for his participation in torture applied to prisoners in CNI barracks. Implicated in the case of Federico Álvarez Santibáñez.

Guillermo Araneda

– Physician from Punta Arenas, cardiologist. He applied his knowledge to the torture of prisoners in this city.

Alejandro Babaich Schmith

– Director of the “Cirujano Guzmán” Hospital in Punta Arenas. Advisor on torture against political prisoners.

Gregorio Burgos

– Physician at the Los Ángeles Regiment. He advised DINA agents on finding ways to torture without the detainee losing consciousness.

Víctor Carcuro Correa

– CNI physician. This doctor was suspended from his rights in the Medical Association for his participation in the torture that culminated in the death of the transporter Mario Fernández López, in La Serena, in October 1984.

Raúl Díaz Doll – Physician, official of the General Directorate of the National Health Service. He was part of the military commission that investigated the political affiliation of doctors. He organized spying within the service and participated personally in the interrogations of detained and tortured doctors.

Guido Mario Félix Díaz Paci

– Army and CNI physician. A military health officer of the Army who participated in the events that culminated in the death of the transporter Mario Fernández López, in La Serena. The cause of Fernández López’s death was the torture suffered at the CNI barracks in that city in October 1984.

When Mario Fernández had to be transferred to the La Serena Hospital, Díaz Paci lied to the doctors on duty at the hospital, claiming that the detainee came from a Carabineros station and not from the CNI, requesting that the doctors hide the detainee’s condition.

Once Fernández passed away, the doctor and CNI agent attempted to have the physician who had performed emergency surgery on the victim falsify the diagnosis of his death, hiding the true reasons for his passing.

For all these reasons, Guido Díaz Paci was expelled from the Medical Association. In 1974, he participated in the exhumation of the body of María Avalos, murdered along with her husband, Bernardo Lejdermann, in December 1973 by a patrol from the Arica Regiment of La Serena. In the death certificate, he asserted that the woman had blown herself up.

José María Fuentealba Suazo

– Army physician. On October 27, 1973, José Fuentealba participated in the delegation that traveled to Río Mayo, in Argentina, to transport 3 detainees—Juan Vera, Néstor Castillo, and José Rosendo Pérez—who had been captured by the Argentine Gendarmerie when they escaped in search of political asylum.

The delegation was under the command of Captain Joaquín Molina Fuenzalida (murdered by the son of Manuel Contreras) and also included a Carabineros officer named Salinas and the non-commissioned officer Evaldo Reidlich Hains.

The three prisoners were loaded into a vehicle from the Coyhaique Regional Hospital and transported toward Chile, but they never reached their destination. In April 2002, the judge of the First Criminal Court of Coyhaique, Luis Sepúlveda, indicted Fuentealba Suazo and the retired Carabineros non-commissioned officer Evaldo Reidlich Hains.

Alejandro Jorge Forero Alvarez

– Cardiologist. Medical Association Registry 9580-K. Squadron Commander and physician who was working at the FACH Hospital at the time of the coup d'état. In 1976, he served as a second soldier at the El Bosque Air Base and at the Colina Anti-Aircraft Artillery Regiment.

In this place, he participated in the Comando Conjunto, supervising torture and drugging prisoners who were taken away to be forcibly disappeared. He was indicted by Judge Carlos Cerda during the dictatorship. Recently, he has been summoned again in new trials regarding the Comando Conjunto.

Werner Gálvez – Pediatrician, Health Colonel in Iquique. At the beginning of the military regime, he applied intravenous injections of sodium pentothal, alternating with biological serum, during interrogations in this city.

Fernando Jara de la Maza

– Orthopedist in Valdivia. In the days following the military coup, he participated directly in the application of torture to detainees.

Manfred Jurgensen Caesar

– CNI physician. This doctor, who was also a CNI agent, was expelled from the Medical Association for his participation in torture applied to prisoners in clandestine barracks of this repressive agency. Implicated in the death of Federico Álvarez Santibáñez.

Luis Losada Fuenzalida

– CNI physician. He was also expelled from the Medical Association for his participation in the torture that culminated in the death of the professor Federico Álvarez Santibáñez. One hour before the death of Álvarez Santibáñez, who was tortured in August 1979 for seven days in secret CNI barracks in Santiago, he signed a report stating that the teacher was in good physical condition.

Minoletti – Carabineros physician, Concepción province. He advised the torturers at Fuerte Borgoño and issued certificates of natural death to cover up the crimes.

Vittorio Orvieto Teplizky

– Army physician. He collaborated in the torture committed at the Tejas Verdes Prisoner Camp Number Two. He also participated in the DINA’s Health Brigade as director of the Santa Lucía Clinic.

América González Figueroa

– Hired during the dictatorship to perform duties at the Legal Medical Service (SML), where she falsified information regarding the causes of death of some political executions. Among the cases in which she is implicated are the death due to torture of Carlos Godoy Echegoyen, which she passed off as “sudden death”; the murder of Cecilia Magni Camino, claiming she had drowned and hiding the signs of torture on her body; and the crime against the DC student leader Mario Martínez, who appeared on the coast of Rocas de Santo Domingo after being kidnapped in Santiago.

Another “service to the fatherland” was her participation in the examinations that culminated in the fraud regarding Pinochet’s dementia. In the final period, still at the SML, she was appointed head of the Department of Thanatology and acting director of the service.

On December 21, 2000, shortly after her responsibility was proven in the mistaken delivery of the bodies of three young people burned inside the San Miguel Prison, she received a merit annotation in her personnel file signed by the Minister of Justice, José Antonio Gómez, a radical militant.

Jorge León Alessandrini

– Dentist, DINE civil agent, implicated in the murder of union leader Tucapel Jiménez Alfaro.

Osvaldo Leyton Bahamondes

– DINA physician. Implicated in the death by torture of Manuel Leyton Robles, a DINA agent who was murdered by his “colleagues” after being publicly involved in the theft of a Renault 4, a job commissioned by his superior Germán Barriga Muñoz.

Dr. Leyton Bahamondes signed a certificate in which the agent appears to have died due to an epileptic seizure and cardiac arrhythmia at Almirante Barroso 76, the location of the clandestine London clinic.

Bernardo Purto – Radiologist in Melipilla. Together with the military prosecutor of Melipilla, he personally took part in torture sessions of prisoners.

Luis Hernán Santibáñez Santelices

– DINA physician. Member of the Health Brigade that operated at the London Clinic (Almirante Barroso). Implicated in the disappearance of Juan Elías Cortés.

Hernán Horacio Taricco Lavín

– DINA physician. Head of the Health Brigade that operated at the London Clinic. Implicated in the death of DINA agent Manuel Jesús Leyton Robles.

Hernán Twane – Psychologist who applied Sodium Pentothal to prisoners so they could be interrogated by the Investigations Service.

Werner Zanghellini Martínez

– Director of the Santa Lucía Clinic between 1975 and 1976. He is accused by survivors of Villa Grimaldi of having injected the rabies virus into Jorge Fuentes Alarcón, a forcibly disappeared person.

Sergio Marcelo Virgilio Bocaz

– Physician of the DINA’s Health Brigade, with duties at the clandestine Santa Lucía clinic, who continued working in the CNI’s Logistics Command. Marcia Merino claims to have seen him in advertisements for coffee and financial institutions.

DINA Health Brigade

Composed of, among others, doctors Vittorio Orvieto, Werner Zanghellini, Hernán Taricco, Nader Nasser, Osvaldo Eugenio Leyton Bahamondez, Rodrigo Vélez, Samuel Valdivia Soto, Luis Hernán Santibáñez Santelices, Eduardo Contreras Balcarce, the gynecologist Juan Pablo Figueroa Yáñez, the otolaryngologist Eugenio Fantuzzi Alliende, the psychiatrist Roberto Lailhacar Chávez, the dentist Sergio Roberto Muñoz Bonta, and the nurse María Eliana Bolumburú Taboada.

Another doctor, of whom only the surname is known, is the psychologist Bassaure.

Eugenio Fantuzzi Alliende, Otolaryngologist – Chief Physician of the Otolaryngology Service at Clínica Dávila.

Roberto Lailhacar Chávez, Psychiatrist – Former president of the Chilean Society of Sexology and Sexual Education.

Source: conspiranoicochile.wordpress.com, June 26, 2016

Judge Madrid indicted thirteen people, including medical professionals Horacio Taricco, Pedro Valdivia, Osvaldo Leyton, Vittorio Orvietto, and nurse Eliana Bolumburu, revealing the dark activities of health professionals in the service of the dictatorship. The ruling, to which El Mostrador.cl had exclusive access, confirmed that Leyton's death was associated with sarin gas.

The significant number of 35 indictments against 13 people—including four doctors and one nurse—was issued by Minister Alejandro Madrid Crohare in the case he is presiding over regarding the homicide and kidnapping of former DINA agent Manuel Jesús Leyton, who died in March 1977 due to the application of torture and sarin gas at the London clinic, which belonged to the repressive agency.

This is the first time a magistrate has managed to identify the organization of the facility that the dissolved National Intelligence Directorate (DINA) used to apply torment and poisons to opponents of the dictatorship, as well as who formed part of the medical and auxiliary staff that helped carry out these practices.

El Mostrador.cl accessed a complete copy of the indictment issued by Madrid through a high-level judicial source.

The indictments issued by Madrid are divided into the crimes of illicit association and aggravated homicide, and they affect 13 people who had different levels of participation in the investigated events.

For illicit association, in the capacity of co-authors, the following were indicted: doctors Hernán Horacio Taricco Lavín, Pedro Samuel Valdivia Soto, Osvaldo Eugenio Leyton Bahamondes, Vittorio Orvietto Tiplitzky, and the head nurse of the London clinic, Eliana Carlota Bolumburu Tabeada.

The latter is a cousin of Ana María Borumburu, who worked at the Universidad Católica, close to doctors Hermal Rosemberg and Sergio González Bombardiere, who performed the unauthorized autopsy on former President Eduardo Frei.

Under the same charges, the minister indicted former military personnel Ricardo Víctor Lawrence Mires, Vianel Valdivieso Cervantes, Hernán Luís Sovino Maturana (head of security at the clinic), retired Sergeant Major Santiago Alfredo Matteo Galleguillos; retired Colonel Juan Morales Salgado (recently indicted in the Prats case); retired Army Commander and member of the DINA's Lautaro Brigade Federico Humberto Chaigneau Sepúlveda (indicted in the Conferencia case); Army Lieutenant Gladys de las Mercedes Calderón Carreño (also indicted in the Conferencia case), known in the DINA for her cruelty, as she was the one who injected cyanide into detainees; and civilian employee Lorenzo Omar Toro Olivares.

According to the magistrate's resolution, the co-authors of the aggravated homicide—that is, those who participated directly in Leyton's death—were doctor Taricco Lavín and former military personnel Lawrence Mires, Vianel Valdivieso Cervantes, and Morales Salgado. Their accomplices, meanwhile, were Sovino Maturana and Toro Olivares.

The accessories to the homicide, according to the indictment, are doctors Leyton Bahamondes and Valdivia Soto, nurse Bolumburu Taboada, and former military personnel Matteo Galleguillos, Chaigneau Sepúlveda, and Lieutenant Calderón Carreño.

Finally, doctors Taricco Lavín and Leyton Bahamondes, nurse Bolumburu Taboada, and former military personnel Lawrence Mires, Vianel Valdivieso, Sovino Maturana, Morales Salgado, and Toro Olivares were indicted as co-authors of kidnapping.

Lying papers

Madrid did not spare details in his investigation and also indicted doctor Leyton Bahamondes and nurse Bolumburu Taboada as co-authors of the falsification of a public document.

The latter were the ones who prepared the documentation so that Leyton's death would appear associated with a heart attack caused by an illness, and not by the effects of the application of sarin gas.

In fact, the resolution issued by Madrid confirms that the directors of the Legal Medical Service (SML) at the time were pressured to change the medical history and the causes of death.

These indictments are in addition to those issued on Monday by the same judge against the former Army Auditor General Fernando Torres Silva and his right-hand man, retired Justice Colonel Enrique Ibarra Chamorro, within the framework of the investigation into the kidnapping and homicide of former DINA agent Eugenio Berríos.

The history confirmed by Madrid

The death of Corporal Leyton Robles is what could be called a mafia vendetta for someone who betrays the code of silence. And for the former director of the DINA, Manuel Contreras, the word betrayal was simply an unpronounceable term.

The history confirmed by the judge is that Leyton Robles, along with other agents, was looking for spare parts to repair a Renault 4 that the DINA used. However, the funds available to the repressive agency were already meager and, therefore, the vehicle could not be fixed.

The corporal decided to solve the issue himself and stole a similar car from a Frenchman, Marcel Duhalde. The European citizen reported the incident to the Carabineros, whose officers arrested Leyton Robles and agent Heriberto Acevedo and took them to a police station.

Amidst the tug-of-war between the DINA and the uniformed police, it reached the point where the unit was surrounded by troops from the agency headed by Manuel Contreras.

However, Leyton had already revealed during the interrogation that the vehicle in question belonged to a forcibly disappeared person and that these individuals were thrown into the sea, as a way of showing the police that his detention was almost a matter of national security.

The corporal was finally released. But the DINA arrested him again at the Simón Bolívar facility. Days later, he died of a mysterious heart attack, when he was only 24 years old.

After Leyton's death, the DINA's inner circle appeared at the scene: Vianel Valdivieso and the then-Major Morales Salgado. They took the body. A little more than 20 years have passed since then.

Source: El Mostrador, July 24, 2007

Doctors arrested and indicted for the crime of Manuel Leyton

The lawyer for the family of former President Eduardo Frei Montalva, Álvaro Varela, denounced that among those arrested is the person materially responsible for the death of the former President.

SANTIAGO.— Judge Alejandro Madrid indicted four doctors and nine other people this morning for the crime of former DINA agent Manuel Leyton, which occurred in 1977 at the so-called London clinic.

The case is reportedly linked to the death of former President Eduardo Frei Montalva, whose passing in 1982 at the Santa María clinic is the subject of an investigation due to the possibility of third-party intervention.

The indicted are doctors Pedro Valdivia Soto and Osvaldo Leyton Bahamondes, who were held at the High Security Prison (CAS), and Vittorio Orvietto Teplizky and Hernán Tarico Lavín, detained at the Peñalolén Military Police Battalion.

Valdivia Soto was one of the doctors who attended to Frei Montalva at the Santa María Clinic in January 1982.

Upon learning of the decision, Álvaro Varela, lawyer for the family of the late President Eduardo Frei, warned that the prosecuted doctors are also suspects in the death of the former President via a "chemical element" while he remained in a private clinic after undergoing surgery in January 1982.

The professionals were indicted for their role as retired officers of the Health Department. Former nurses Eliana Bolomburú Taboada, held at the Gendarmerie school, and Gladys Calderón Carreño, a retired officer who was already detained in Peñalolén, were also notified of their indictment for the same event.

At the same time, retired Colonels Juan Morales Salgado and Ricardo Lorens, of the Army and Carabineros respectively, were indicted. Five other members of the Mulchén and Lautaro brigades who were indicted are Vianel Valdivieso, Hernán Sovino, Santiago Mateo, Lorenzo Toro, and Federico Chagneau.

Source: Emol.com, July 24, 2007

Doctors and military personnel indicted for the death of DINA agent Manuel Leyton

After a long and thorough period of investigation, Judge Alejandro Madrid managed to determine the organic structure of the London Clinic, a place used by the DINA to carry out experiments and clinical treatments against opponents of General Augusto Pinochet's dictatorship.

In the facility, torment and poisons were reportedly applied against political prisoners, and the security services had medical assistance to evaluate the resistance to the abuse applied by the DINA.

According to the magistrate's investigation, former corporal and DINA member Manuel Jesús Leyton lost his life at the London Clinic after being arrested at his home by his peers in military intelligence.

According to judicial statements, the fate of the former soldier, who met the then-Colonel Manuel Contreras when he served as a guard at the Tejas Verdes detention facility—where the former DINA Director was in charge of the concentration camp—was sealed.

THE INVESTIGATION BY JUDGE MADRID

The magistrate's resolution indicts doctors Hernán Horacio Taricco Lavín, Pedro Samuel Valdivia Soto, Osvaldo Eugenio Leyton Bahamondes, Vittorio Orvietto Tiplitzky, and the head nurse, Eliana Bolumburu Taboada, for the crime of illicit association in the capacity of co-authors.

All of them are health professionals who reportedly collaborated actively in the torture of political opponents who passed through the sinister London Clinic.

Among them, Doctor Vittorio Orvietto stands out, who faces several complaints in court for human rights violations due to the application of hypnosis in torture sessions. Furthermore, it should be noted that although Orvietto was expelled from the Medical Association, the complete file of his case strangely disappeared from the Medical Association without its conclusions being able to be seen by Judge Madrid.

To this must be added the case of Doctor Pedro Valdivia Soto, a physician who is currently being investigated for his responsibility in the death of former President Eduardo Frei Montalva at the Santa María clinic in Santiago, and nurse Bolumburu, who is a cousin of Ana María Bolumburu, a person who worked at the Universidad Católica, close to doctors Hermal Rosemberg and Sergio González Bombardiere, physicians who performed the unauthorized autopsy on former President Eduardo Frei.

Also indicted for illicit association and homicide are retired military personnel Ricardo Lawrence Mires, Vianel Valdivieso Cervantes, and retired Colonel Juan Morales Salgado, who is indicted for the assassination of General Carlos Prats in Argentina.

The list is added to by civilian agent Lorenzo Toro Olivares and the head of security for the medical facility, Hernán Sorvino Maturana, in the capacity of accomplices.

The resolution indicates that retired Sergeant Major Santiago Matteo Galleguillos, retired Army Commander Federico Humberto Chaigneau Sepúlveda, and former Lieutenant Gladys de las Mercedes Calderón Carreño were identified as accessories; the latter two were also indicted for their participation in the kidnapping and disappearance of the first clandestine leadership of the Communist Party in May 1976, known as the Calle Conferencia case.

Lieutenant Calderón was known in the DINA for her cruelty when applying torture to detainees. The latest statements indicate that she was responsible for injecting cyanide into detainees to cause their death.

THE DEATH OF CORPORAL LEYTON

The former DINA agent made a mistake, and it meant his death: breaking the code of silence.

According to the judicial investigation, it was established that the beginning of the end for the former agent began with the theft of a Renault 4 from a French citizen in order to obtain spare parts for a similar vehicle that was in the hands of the DINA.

However, the story began to get complicated when Leyton, in the company of agent Heriberto Acevedo, was arrested by Carabineros and taken to the Rodrigo de Araya Police Station, as the vehicle had been reported stolen.

To get out of the problem, both agents acknowledged their status as members of the repressive intelligence apparatus, and it is even pointed out that there was a scuffle between the uniformed police and DINA operational groups that went to the rescue of their colleagues.

But Corporal Leyton Robles had already confessed to the Carabineros that the vehicle used by the security agency belonged to a forcibly disappeared person and that his body had been thrown into the sea. This was the phrase that sealed his fate.

The uproar created by the theft of the Renault 4 led the DINA leadership to order the arrest of Corporal Manuel Jesús Leyton and to clarify his statements to the uniformed police. The former agent had broken the code of silence of the repressive agency, and his fate was only one: death.

After being arrested and tortured at his home in the Puente Alto commune and at the clandestine detention center of Simón Bolívar, he was taken to the London Clinic to be treated for his injuries and, incidentally, to receive special treatment from the medical team.

However, when he crossed the door of the DINA medical center, the corporal never thought that that day would be the last time that, at 24 years of age, he would be seen alive.

Source: Crónica Digital, July 24, 2007

Leyton Case: Indictment of doctors confirmed

The Eighth Chamber of the Santiago Court of Appeals confirmed the indictments of doctors Osvaldo Leyton Bahamondes and Hernán Taricco Lavín as authors of illicit association, and of the kidnapping and aggravated homicide of DINA corporal Manuel Leyton, which occurred in 1977 through the inoculation of sarin gas, after he confessed to the police that a large number of the forcibly disappeared had been thrown into the sea.

The appellate court ratified the decision of Minister Alejandro Madrid in the case of both doctors—who performed duties at the DINA's London clinic—rejecting the appeal filed by the defense of the accused.

Source: El Mercurio, March 21, 2009

The doctors of the dictatorship who practice in impunity

40 years after the Military Coup, society links the military to human rights violations, but in many cases, the participation of civilians has been omitted. A list of doctors points to their role in various human rights violations, and the professional association highlights that there are still conditions that prevent these acts from being penalized.

Bernardo Lejderman and María Avalos died in 1973, executed by the military in the north, a crime known a few days ago by Ernesto Lejderman's statement upon learning that his parents had not committed suicide with explosives, just as the medical report signed by Guido Díaz Paci stated—a doctor who remains active to this day, working in the Traffic Department of the La Serena municipality.

Like this one, there are different cases of human rights violations that have civilian doctors as protagonists. Lawyer Carmen Hertz made a list detailing about thirty physicians linked to the dictatorship who remain in impunity, even practicing their profession.

The lawyer describes the role the professionals played in interrogation and torture processes so that the DINA could fulfill the objectives set by the Military Junta: "There is a long list of doctors who were DINA officials, who collaborated in the application of torture in clandestine centers.

Some of them have been indicted; the doctors kept the prisoners alive during the application of torture, so that the DINA could extract the information they wanted."

Carmen Hertz emphasizes that today the doctors remain active, without being identified in the investigations, also eluding a moral condemnation for these acts.

"There is a sort of reluctance to the criminal prosecution of civilians, despite evident proof; for example, many of these doctors practice and occupy management positions at the Clínica Dávila and the Clínica Indisa.

There is complicity in the justification of extermination policies and in promoting them, which has ultimately lived in judicial, political, social, and moral impunity," the lawyer indicated.

The work of the doctors ranged from assistance in torture methods, allocating medications in interrogations, such as the so-called "truth serum" (sodium pentothal), falsification of documents, adulterating medical records, or signing death certificates with causes of death that hide the responsibility of intelligence agencies.

The Medical Association launched disciplinary proceedings against professionals linked to the dictatorship, disqualifying their practice and even withdrawing their professional title. Doctor Álvaro Reyes Bazán, president of the Human Rights Department of the Medical Association, highlights that before the regime, a doctor had to be a member of the association by obligation, but this condition was eliminated, and with it, the organization lost its power to disqualify the practice of the profession.

Reyes Bazán points out that "at that time, the Association had the authority to initiate proceedings or rescind the practice of the profession. But today, no; the Association did not recover its status and has no authority. Before, it was mandatory to practice medicine, but now it is voluntary; these are sequels of the dictatorship that have not been overcome yet."

Álvaro Reyes had a special role in protecting those persecuted by the military, even preventing the disappearance of Miria Contreras, "Payita," personal secretary to Salvador Allende. In his opinion, today the Association does not have the tools to penalize irregularities by non-registered professionals, which he highlights as one more of the political inheritances left by that period.

The doctor pointed out that "it is a struggle that we have maintained to recover it, but it has not been achieved; high quorums are needed to change some aspects of the Constitution, a series of instruments to prevent the popular will from being expressed.

We live by a system organized in dictatorship; that is the fundamental thing, and it involves a very important change, which is to recover full democracy."

Both the lawyer and the doctor emphasize that medical professionals linked to the crimes of the dictatorship can be legitimately in practice, both in Armed Forces institutions and in the private sector. By contrast, the disappearance of doctors persecuted for their political status remains in a judicial process still underway.

The list of doctors is as follows

1. Darwin Arriagada – Doctor, leader of the Medical Association of Chile in 1973. He was appointed by the Military Junta as Director General of Health. He participated in the plan to administer drugs in food to assassinate political prisoners. He turned in numerous leftist doctors, more than 30 of whom were murdered. He practices at Santa María 217, office 34, Independencia commune.

2. Camilo Azar Saba – CNI doctor. He was suspended for six months from the Medical Association for his participation in torture applied to prisoners in CNI barracks. Implicated in the Federico Álvarez Santibáñez case.

3. Guillermo Araneda – Doctor from Punta Arenas, Cardiologist. He applied his knowledge to the torture of prisoners in this city.

4. Alejandro Babaich Schmith – Director of the "Cirujano Guzmán" Hospital in Punta Arenas. Advisor on torture against political prisoners.

5. Gregorio Burgos – Doctor of the Los Ángeles Regiment. He advised DINA agents on finding ways to torture without the detainee losing consciousness.

6. Víctor Carcuro Correa – CNI doctor. This doctor was suspended from his rights in the Medical Association for his participation in the torture that culminated in the death of the transporter Mario Fernández López, in La Serena, in October 1984.

7. Raúl Díaz Doll – Doctor, official of the General Directorate of the National Health Service. He was part of the military commission that investigated the political affiliation of doctors. He organized the spying in the service and participated personally in the interrogations of the detained and tortured doctors.

8. Guido Mario Félix Díaz Paci – Army and CNI doctor. Military health officer of the Army who participated in the events that culminated in the death of the transporter Mario Fernández López, in La Serena.

The causes of Mario Fernández López's death were the torture suffered in the CNI barracks of that city in October 1984. When Mario Fernández had to be transferred to the La Serena Hospital, Díaz Paci lied to the doctors on duty at the Hospital, claiming that the detainee came from a Carabineros station and not from the CNI, requesting that the doctors hide the detainee's condition.

Once Fernández died, the doctor and CNI agent tried to get the physician who had operated on the victim in an emergency to falsify the diagnosis of his death, hiding the true reasons for the passing. For all these reasons, Guido Díaz Paci was expelled from the Medical Association.

In 1974, he participated in the exhumation of the body of María Avalos, murdered along with her husband, Bernardo Lejdermann, in December 1973 by a patrol of the Arica Regiment of La Serena. In the death certificate, he asserted that the woman had blown herself up.

9. José María Fuentealba Suazo – Army doctor. On October 27, 1973, José Fuentealba participated in the delegation that traveled to Río Mayo, in Argentina, to transfer 3 detainees, Juan Vera, Néstor Castillo, and José Rosendo Pérez, who had been captured by the Argentine Gendarmerie when they escaped in search of political refuge.

The delegation was under the command of Captain Joaquín Molina Fuenzalida (murdered by the son of Manuel Contreras), and it also included a Carabineros officer named Salinas and Sergeant Evaldo Reidlich Hains.

The three prisoners were put into a vehicle of the Coyhaique Regional Hospital and transported in the direction of Chile, but they never reached their destination. In April 2002, the judge of the First Criminal Court of Coyhaique, Luis Sepúlveda, indicted Fuentealba Suazo and retired Carabineros Sergeant Evaldo Reidlich Hains.

10. Alejandro Jorge Forero Alvarez – Cardiologist. Medical Association Registry 9580-K. Squadron Commander and doctor who was working at the time of the military coup at the FACH Hospital. In 1976, he provided services as a second soldier at the El Bosque Air Base and at the Colina Anti-Aircraft Artillery Regiment.

In this place, he participated in the Comando Conjunto, supervising the torture and drugging the prisoners who were taken out to make them disappear. He was indicted by Judge Carlos Cerda in the middle of the dictatorship. These days, he has been required again in new processes of the Comando Conjunto.

11. Werner Gálvez – Pediatrician, Colonel of Health in Iquique. At the beginning of the military regime, he applied intravenous injections of sodium pentothal, alternating with biological serum, during interrogations in this city.

12. Fernando Jara de la Maza – Traumatologist in Valdivia. In the days following the military coup, he participated directly in the application of torture to detainees.

13. Manfred Jurgensen Caesar – CNI doctor. This doctor, who was also a CNI agent, was expelled from the Medical Association for his participation in torture applied to prisoners in clandestine barracks of this repressive agency. Implicated in the death of Federico Alvarez Santibáñez.

14. Luis Losada Fuenzalida – CNI doctor. He was also expelled from the Medical Association for his participation in the torture that culminated in the death of the teacher Federico Álvarez Santibáñez. One hour before the death of Álvarez Santibáñez, who was tortured in August 1979 for seven days in secret CNI barracks in Santiago, he signed a report in which he indicated that the teacher was in good physical condition.

15. Minoletti – Carabineros doctor, Concepción province. He advised the torturers of Fuerte Borgoño and issued certificates for natural death to cover up the crimes.

16. Vittorio Orvieto Teplizky – Army doctor. He performed collaboration duties in the torture committed at the Tejas Verdes Prisoner Camp Number Two. He also participated in the DINA Health Brigade as director of the Santa Lucía Clinic.

17. América González Figueroa – Hired during the dictatorship to perform duties at the Legal Medical Service, where she falsified information about the causes of death of some political executions. Among the cases in which she is implicated are the death due to torture of Carlos Godoy Echegoyen, which she made appear as "sudden death"; the assassination of Cecilia Magni Camino, stating that she had drowned and hiding the vestiges of torture on her body; and the crime of the DC student leader Mario Martínez, who appeared on the coast of Rocas de Santo Domingo after he was kidnapped in Santiago.

Another "service to the fatherland" was her participation in the examinations that culminated in the fraud of Pinochet's dementia. In the last period, still at the SML, she was appointed head of the Department of Thanatology and acting director of the service.

On December 21, 2000, shortly after her responsibility in the mistaken delivery of the bodies of three young men burned inside the San Miguel Prison was proven, she received a merit annotation in her service record signed by the Minister of Justice José Antonio Gómez, a radical militant.

18. Jorge León Alessandri – Dentist, civilian agent of the DINE, implicated in the assassination of union leader Tucapel Jiménez Alfaro.

19. Osvaldo Leyton Bahamondes – DINA doctor. Implicated in the death by torture of Manuel Leyton Robles, a DINA agent who was murdered by his "colleagues" when he was publicly involved in the theft of a Renault 4, a job commissioned by his superior Germán Barriga Muñoz.

Doctor Leyton Bahamondes signed a certificate in which the agent appears as having died due to an epileptic seizure and cardiac arrhythmia at Almirante Barroso 76, the location of the clandestine London clinic.

20. Bernardo Purto – Radiologist in Melipilla. Together with the military prosecutor of Melipilla, he personally took part in the torture sessions of prisoners.

21. Luis Hernán Santibáñez Santelices – DINA doctor. Member of the Health Brigade that operated at the London Clinic (Almirante Barroso). Implicated in the disappearance of Juan Elías Cortés.

22. Hernán Horacio Taricco Lavín – DINA doctor. Head of the Health Brigade that operated at the London Clinic. Implicated in the death of DINA agent Manuel Jesús Leyton Robles.

23. Hernán Twane – Psychologist who applied Sodium Pentothal to prisoners so that they could be interrogated by the Investigation Service.

24. Werner Zanghellini Martínez – Director of the Santa Lucía Clinic between 1975 and 1976. He is accused by survivors of Villa Grimaldi of having injected the rabies virus into Jorge Fuentes Alarcón, a forcibly disappeared person.

25. Sergio Marcelo Virgilio Bocaz – Doctor of the DINA Health Brigade, with duties at the clandestine Santa Lucía clinic, who continued working at the CNI Logistics Command. Marcia Merino says she saw him in coffee and finance advertisements.

DINA Health Brigade, composed among others by doctors Vittorio Orvietto, Werner Zanghellini, Hernán Taricco, Nader Nasser, Osvaldo Eugenio Leyton Bahamondez, Rodrigo Vélez, Samuel Valdivia Soto, Luis Hernán Santibáñez Santelices, Eduardo Contreras Balcarce, the gynecologist Juan Pablo Figueroa Yáñez, the otolaryngologist Eugenio Fantuzzi Alliende, the psychiatrist Roberto Lailhacar Chávez, the dentist Sergio Roberto Muñoz Bonta, and the nurse María Eliana Bolumburú Taboada.

Another doctor, of whom only the surname is known, is the psychologist Bassaure.

26. Eugenio Fantuzzi Alliende, Otolaryngologist – Head Doctor of the Otolaryngology Service of the Clínica Dávila.

28. Roberto Lailhacar Chávez, Psychiatrist – Former president of the Chilean Society of Sexology and Sexual Education.

Source: radio.uchile.cl, August 26, 2013

The complete list of DINA agents (Document delivered by the Army to the Courts of Justice)

The following is the complete list of DINA agents, which was handed over by the Army to the courts of justice a few years ago. The text was kept under lock and key for a long period, but time eventually leaked it to human rights lawyers and a journalist specializing in this subject.

This document, which has never been published in a printed medium, has reached Clarín from the desk of a journalist who has followed multiple cases of human rights violations during the dictatorship. The document, therefore, is completely authentic. It concerns more than a thousand agents, some prosecuted, others convicted, and not a few already deceased.

Contreras Sepulveda Juan Manuel Elissalde Muller Alberto Pantoja Henriquez Jeronimo Luzberto Barria Barria Victor Hugo Carrasco Fuenzalida Jorge Diaz Darrigrandi Eduardo Antonio Espinoza Bravo Pedro Octavio Lopez Navarro Belarmino Lopez Tapia Carlos Jose Luvecce Massera Osvaldo Patricio Manriquez Bravo Cesar Sanchez Marmonti Hugo Hernan Ureta Sire Arturo Ramon Rosas Thomas Tarcisio Rene Acuña Ramos Marco Rolando Blanche Sepulveda Hernan Blumel Mendez Sergio Fernando Briones Morales Aldo Jose Cajal Alvarez Raul Cowell Mancilla Enrique Ferrer Lima Francisco Maximiliano Ferrer Taylor Heriberto Lautaro Figueroa Yañez Juan Pablo Antonio Flores Figueroa Domingo Antonio Haase Mazzei Nelson Edgardo Huber Olivares Gerardo Alejandro Lailhacar Chavez Roberto Emilio Lepe Orellana Jaime Enrique Lizarraga Arias Victor Federico Massone Stagno Enzo Antonio Matus Santos Carlos Raul Morales Salgado Juan Pedro Ojeda Benett German Eduardo Padilla Villen Patricio Vicente Romero Reyes Alvaro Alfonso Salinas Torres Guillermo Humberto Taricco Lavin Hernan Horacio Urrich Gonzalez Gerardo Ernesto Vasquez Chahuan Manuel Abraham Velez Fuenzalida Sergio Rodrigo Zara Holger Jose Octavio Besamat Morales Luis Antonio Calvo Portales Jorge Sepulveda Gutierrez Abel Ricardo Silva Barra Carlos Alberto Acevedo Godoy Hugo Cesar Andrade Gomez Jorge Claudio Arcas Morales Mario Arturo Aro Peigneguy Jorge Carlos Matin Baeza Hernandez Ricardo Baeza Sepulveda Luis Alberto Bustamante Careols Jorge Gabriel Bustamante De la Barra Hernan Jorge Cerda Bozzo Jose Sebastian Chaigneau Sepulveda Federico Cuellar Torres Juan Jose Del Desposito Martinez Alfredo Ricardo Dumay Castro Miguel Alberto Faundez Norambuena Alfonso Fernandez Larios Armando Garces del Pino Roberto Arturo Garcia Covarrubias Jaime Guillermo Garcia Ferlice Jose Gran Lopez Pablo Domingo Guiza Castresana Roberto Angel Gutierrez Garcia Marcelo Cedric Guzman Valenzuela Alvaro David Krassnoff Martchenko Miguel Labayru Martinez Ramiro Labbe Galilea Cristian Lauriani Maturana Fernando Eduardo Maldonado Krumm Victor Alfredo Martinez Labbe Rosauro Medina Aldea Luis Albeto Morales Bonilla Hugo Mosqueira Jarpa Manuel Rolando Palma Vergara Hector Eduardo Peppi Onetto Mariano Perez Meza Hernan Humberto Perez Santillan Manuel Antonio Pinochet Hiriart Augusto III Pooley Etcheberry Juan Guillermo Provis Carrasco Manuel Jorge Quilhot Palma Rene Patricio Reyes Morel Jorge Alberto Riquelme Villagra Jose Juvenal Riveros Valderrama Rene Miguel Saez Saavedra Marco Antonio Sanchez Perez Carlos Ricardo Sanchez Torres Manuel Segundo Sandoval Arancibia Enrique Erasmo Slater Escanilla Enrique Jorge Sovino Maturana Hernan Luis Thieme Bahre Ricardo Walter Tichauer Salcedo Pedro Guillermo Tornero Deramond Fredy Ureta Pernas Ernesto Jose Velasquez Aguila Sergio Nolberto Vicuña Oyarzun Alfredo Guillermo Wenderoth Sanz Sergio Antonio Willeke Floel Cristoph Georg Zambelli Restelli Patricio Ignacio Gallardo Cardenas Daniel Segundo Mejias Mejias Luis Arturo Maldonado Barria Armando Nelson Quintana Salazar Raul Pablo Parra De La Cuadra Hernan Valle Zapata Hernan Acuña Nuñez Sandra Jeannette Baladron Baltierra Claudio Antonio Baron Contreras Maria Angelica Caceres Retamal Nelson Carrasco Santana Virginia Correa Neckelmann Jaime Rodrigo De Sarratea Andrade Manuel Eduardo Harding Quilodran Carlos Guillermo Fernandez Del Campo Fernando Flores Lizana Rogelio Francisco Guareschi Salmeron Irma Nella Larenas Ramirez Anibal Roberto Martinez Barrios Alejandro Joaquin Montero Rojas Aldo Alfonso Pizarro Rodriguez Doris Edith Rodriguez Sepulveda Pedro Ignacio Araya Silva Carlos Roberto Becerra Weir Fernando Marcial Bravo Reyes Marta Calderon Carreño Gladys Castillo Contreras Luis Fernando Lillo Gutierrez Raul Diego Montt Knockaert Manuel Eduardo Vargas Bories Jorge Octavio Carpio Gallardo Raul Nicolas Maringue Vidal Jose Mario Peñaloza Martinez Juan Bautista Angel Videla Guillermo Alfredo Cima Moran Enzo Crisostomo Soto Hector Manuel Escudero Olivares Carlos Mansilla Mansilla Alfonso Marin Vargas Carlos Roman Perez Eduardo Mario Tapia Barraza Carlos Enrique Aguila Andrade Miguel Aqueveque Perez Jose Arcadio Echeverria Inostroza Juan Alfonso Ferrada Ferrada Pedro Mario Gonzalez Cerda Leon Carol Ibarra Rojas Hector Orlando Leiva Leiva Oscar Segundo Matamala Eckardt Tito Samuel Orellana Cartes Juan de Dios Padilla Lagos Berlin Rivera Garrido Jose Gregorio Rodriguez Ramirez Alonso Jose Rojas Jose Abraham Rojas Diaz Jorge Fernando Rubilar Alarcon Isais Pedro Salazar Peñaloza German Saldaña Mendez Luis Alberto San Martin Jimenez Victor Manuel Silva Aguilera Rolando De la Cruz Soto Hernandez Jorge Octavio Taffo Caro Carlos Oscar Urriola Melendez Rene Gilberto Aguayo Espinoza Arnoldo de Jesus Bustamante Lastra Julio Enrique Cabrera Jaramillo Mario Roberto Camilla Leon Juan Oscar Guillermo Carpio Gallardo Guido Sergio Cajal Aguirre Luis Ricardo Cavieres Lopez Otto Concha Alburquerque Manuel Enrique Godoy Pezoa Jose Grimaldo Jimenez Jimenez Guillermo Jorquera Farias Miguel Gustavo Leon Acuña Jose Bernardo Lucero Lobos manuel Ernesto Magna Miranda Enrique Osvaldo Mercado Sepulveda Arturo Monsalve Toloza Juan Pedro Muñoz Rivera Gaston Eliecer Muñoz Rivera Javier Segundo Rodriguez Ogalde Luis Higgenio Rosales Venegas Alfonso Segundo Silva Bañados Carlos Jerry Tejos Diocares Raul Antonio Toro Olivares Lorenzo Omar Urrea Alvarez Fredis Ahumada Despouy Joice Ana Alvarez Cordova Genaro del Transito Alvarez Lucero Manuel Sergio Alvarez Vega Hiro Andrade Marquez Edgardo Arias Diaz Mario Hernan Arriaza Gonzalez Mercedes Luisa Avendaño Sanchez Alejandro Barbaste Silva Camilo Enrique Bermudez Mendez Carlos Justo Betancurt Molina Guillermo Orlando Bravo Flores Hugo Arturo Calderon Soto Cecilia Margarita Cancino Leyton Waldo Cacho Vivanco Nestor Willy Cerda Sagardia Raul Chaji Palacios Alberto Cofre Marquez Jorge Ivan Cordoba Burgos Juan Ivan Cornejo Alvarez Pedro Segundo Cuadra Cuello Hugo Segundo Donoso Machuca Hilda Rosa Eguia Lopez Carlos Alberto Faundez Castro Floridor Antonio Fernandez Labarca Gloria Isabel Fredes Vasquez Jorge Antonio Gallardo Maldonado Mario Idelfonso Galvez Peralta Julio Alfredo Garrido Aguilera Braulio Lizardo Garrido Jara Emerita Miryam Gatica Vasquez Pablo Enrique Gonzalez Bravo Delia Violeta Gonzalez Delgadillo Jose Abdon Gonzalez Gutierrez Jorge Antonio Gonzalez Tobar Adolfo Vicente Guerrero Soto Maria Angelica Gutierrez Cornejo Jose Antonio Gutierrez Montealegre Segundo Herrera Aguilar Benjamin Ismael Herrera Garrido Manuel Augusto Ibarra Silva Maria Esperanza Jimenez Quintana Francisco Leyton Valdenegro Margarita Lucia Lopez Inostroza Carlos Eusebio Magna Astudillo Elisa del Carmen Marambio Valenzuela Irma Isnelda Martinez Faundez Leonel Martinez Guiñez Hugo Martinez Martinez Orfelio Matteo Galleguillos Santiago Alfredo Medina Argote Luis Alberto Mendez Cisternas Jorge Antonio Merino Palma Ponciano Omar Millar Toro Hugo Enrique Miranda Otarola Hipolito Oscar Molina Oñate Hector Rene Molina Reyes Cesar Montecinos Castillo Odilia Isabel Mora Cerda Luis Eduardo Moraga Silva Mario Nolasco Muñoz Contreras Juan Viterbo Norambuena Retamales Carlos Nuñez Fiubla Rafael Oscar Nuñez Elgueta Luis Raul Orellana Ponce Waldo Alberto Ormeño Quijada Aurelio Zenon Pulgar Morales Jose Fernando Orellana Quelopana Humberto Ortega Diaz Sergio Leonardo Osorio Sepulveda Luis Alfonso Palma Moreno Luis Segundo Parra Muñoz Mario Osvaldo Peñailillo Reyes Luis Arnaldo Poblete Vergara manuel Humberto Pueller Caris Jose Manuel Ramos Hernandez Rosa Humilde Reyes Alarcon Hector Erasmo Reyes Contreras Eduardo Ramon Reyes Lagos Eduardo Antonio Rios San Martin Jose Remigio Rondanelli Cordero Orlando Rubio De la Cruz Ana Maria Saldaña Garrido Gabriel Ruberlindo Sepulveda Moreno Carlos Enrique Soto Trigo Humberto Nelson Suazo Saldaña Juan Edmundo Tilleria Cifuentes David Urrea Alvarez Flodys del Carmen Urrutia Ronda Eduardo Valdes Alarcon reginaldo Varela Varela Luis Berrnabe Vega Oyarzun Aladino Trece Villa Salgado Sergio Antonio Villagran Rubio Lucila Villaman Salazar Hugo Enrique Aguila Diaz Miguel Orion Alarcon Silva Omar Aldea Soto Daniel del Carmen Aguilera Dominguez froilan Enrique Alarcon Seron Luis Heriberto Alvarez Ramirez Vicente Amable barria Ibarra Manuel Efrain Barria Lopez Claudio Bernal Albornoz Hevtor Rene Bitterlich Jaramillo Pedro Segundo Blanco Lopez Florencio Angel Caballero Espiñeira Jose Alfredo Caceres lopez Segundo Dionedes Cariman Antillanca Francisco Caro Loyola Roberto Ramon Carpio Vildozo Francisco Alberto Cepeda Barahona Juan de la Cruz Chavez Santibañez Pedro Aroldo Chavez Toro Bernacio Segundo Contreras Castillo Patricio Contreras Pichun Rigoberto Patricio Corales Trincado Emiliano Segundo Cuevas Zurita Pedro Angel Diaz Villablanca Hector Rutilio Ergas Carpinello Jaime Alfonso Escobar Lopez Pedro Enrique Esparza Raniqueo Jose Lautaro Ferrada Beltran Luis Segundo Ferrada Novoa Ricardo Antonio Ferrada Retamales Bernardino Figueroa Valdivia Sergio Enrique Fuentes Torres Jose Enrique Galvez Bravo Fernando Gonzalez Escobar Oscar Eduardo Henriquez Valderrama Manuel Iturra Arriagada Jose Segundo Jofre Nuñez carlos Sergio Labarca Sanhueza carlos Hernan Lagos Cuevas Nelson del Carmen Lagos Isidin Pedro Ernesto Larrain Salinas Hector Raul Lisperguer Rios Juan Alfonso Marin Castro Carlos Martinez Osses Juan Alberto Mendez Ortiz Roberto Alejandro Moraga Carter Ruben del Carmen Moya Flores Luis Manuel Muñoz Rojas Ramon Alvarito Naez Rojas Julio Manuel Nuñez Gallardo Evaristo Segundo Obreque Henriquez Manuel Jesus Ojeda Gallardo Juan Demetrio Olivares Araya Tito Antolin Olivares Donoso Victor Geraldo Ovalle Henriquez Nelson Hernan Palma Venegas Jose Reinaldo Paris Ramos Jaime Humberto Perez Olivares Juan Carlos Pinazo Triviño Oscar Vicente Piña Garrido Juvenal Alfonso Poblete Nuñez Nelson Hugo Portilla Uribe Sigisfredo Rojas Yevenes Mario del Carmen Romero Contreras Luis Alberto Romero Quintuy Francisco Antonio Romero Vasquez Juan de Dios Rubilar Ocampo Jaime Orlando Saavedra Rojas Julio Segundo Salgado Rivera Patricio Enrique Sanchez Miranda Miguel Angel Sandoval Vergara Roberto Antonio Segura Morales Nelson Omar Sepulveda Almonacid Eduardo Antonio Sepulveda Lopez Jaime Rene Silva Abarca Bernardo Tapia Alvarez Osvaldo Ruben Torrejon gatica Orlando Jesus Troncoso Carrillo Nicanor Aliro Troncoso Cofre Juan Guillermo Troncoso Soto Juan Miguel Troncoso Verdugo Luis Enrique Urtubia Alvarez Cirilo del Carmen Valenzuela Ortiz Jose Angel Valladares Duran Camilo Alberto Veliz Gutierrez Alberto Francisco Vera Zamora Silvia Teresa Vergara Bravo Pedro Blas Vial Collao Jorge Hernan Villablanca Pinto Armando Eugenio Wetzel Gareis Medardo Gustavo Zamora Vergara Ricardo Orlando Abdala Cabrera Victor Manuel Aceituno Cajal Oscar Manuel Acosta Vilches Enrique Santiago Acuña Luengo Mario Alberto Aguayo Barra Ricardo Daniel Aguayo Jara Hernan Fidencio Alarcon Celis Sebastian Leonardo Alarcon Guzman Omar Victor Alarcon Romero Hector Ramon Albanecich Norambuena Jaime Antonio Albarran Cardenas Gonzalo Albornoz Olivares Jose Nolberto Alegria Hernandez Jose Luis Alfaro Serrano Carlos Eulogio Aliste Sepulveda Julio Hernan Almonacid Soto Manuel Jesus Alonso Huipillan Marcelino Alvarado Saldivia Ricardo Alvarez Gonzalez Eugenio Segundo Alvarez Igor Aliro Alvercio Alvarez Torres Bernardo Ivan Andrade Figueroa Santiago Edgardo Arancibia Lopez Juan Mario Araneda Araneda Pedro Ariel Aravena Bravo Eliseo Alfredo Aravena Cespedes Jorge Florentino Aravena Peña Jose Roberto Aravena Soto Jorge Antonio Araya Ortiz Luis Aurelio Araya Ramirez Manuel Jesus Arenas Aro Francisco Arenas Fernandez Carlos Enrique Arevalo Gaete Ramon Alfonso Arevalo Torres Juan Bernardino Arias Contreras Francisco Hosman Arratia Salgado Santo Erasmo Arzola Zurita Omar Adan Asenjo Reinoso Rene Humberto Astudillo Flores Luis Antonio Ayala Hormazabal Nabor Humberto Ayala Miranda Victor Fernando Baschmann Campos Justo Eliecer Bahamonde Roman Victor Guillermo Barrera Casanova Juan Cancio Barria Molina Delfin Segundo Barrios Castillo Emilio Valericio Bazignan Lopez Luis Humberto Becerra Acuña Jose Aladin Beltran Figueroa Sergio Elias Bernier Leal Jose Nemesio Billiard Larrañaga Manuel Enrique Bravo Castro Jose Gilberto Bravo Huaiquiñir Segundo Erasmo Bravo Sepulveda Nibaldo Jesus Briceño Pinto German Horacio Bugueño Casanova Sergio Nicolas Burgos Lillo Juan Alberto Bustamante Santos Luis Alejandro Cabrera Muñoz Guillermo Ernesto Cabrera Peña Alejandro Patricio Caceres Caba Carlos Arnoldo Caceres Soto Juan Pablo Calderon Santibañez Pedro Armando Camilo Ahumada Gustavo Adolfo Canales Fernandez Arnoldo Eduardo Canales Millanao Jose Raul Cantero Alarcon Jorge Reinaldo Carcamo Mancilla Jose Ruben Carcamo Pinuer Eduardo Alejandro Cardenas Sagredo Manuel Segundo Carrasco Vega Ruben Eliseo Carrasco Veloso Rigoberto Enrique Carrillo Muñoz Herrnan Alfonso Carrillo Nesbet Renato Francisco Carrillo Santander Luis Fernando Casanova Miranda Jose Manuel Castillo Ascencio Miguel Enrique Catalan Castillo Carlos Gustavo Catalan Valenzuela Hector Manuel Caviedes Leyton Julio Ivan Celis Lagos Clemente Patricio Cereceda Lopez Luis Alberto Cespedes Auladell Miguel Angel Chavez Baeza Eduardo Martin Cid Rodriguez Jose Alfonso Cid Troncoso Reiner Edgardo Cifuentes Astudillo Sergio Cisterna Cofre Carlos Cesar Cofre Leiva Manuel Ramon Collantes Bravo Raul Ernesto Concha Arevalo Ricardo Alfonso Contreras Ramos Claudio Emilio Contreras Rivera Jose Hernan Contreras Rossel Luis Alberto Coñopan Velarde Victor Jose Cornejo Vidal Jose Joaquin Cuevas Muñoz Carlos Hector Delgado Carrasco Hugo Ruben Delgado Muñoz Eduardo Elias Diaz Silva Gustavo Manuel Diocares Mendoza Josue ino Donoso Cerda Ramon Humberto Duran Martinez Raul del Carmen Escandon Vidal Jose Segundo Esparza Lillo delberto Atanasio Espinoza Bravo Luis Hernan Espinoza Fuentes Manuel Melchor Farias Molina Antonio Farias Vasquez Guillermo Fernandez Aguilar Florencio Wladimir Fernandez Benavides Raul Jose Fernandez Inzunza Patricio Fernandez Veas Jose Roberto Ferran martinez Guillermo Jesus Figueroa Lobos Mauricio Eugenio Figueroa Ruiz Enrique Antonio Figueroa Uribe Gabriel del Rosario Flores Espinoza Juan Carlos Gustavo Freddy Muñoz Jorge Ulises Freddy Muñoz Pablo Alex Frias Faust German del Transito Fuentes Ponce Juan Manuel Fuentes Sepulveda Pedro Joel Fuenzalida Riquelme Juan Rodolfo Gajardo Letelier Jorge Vicente Gallardo Alarcon Carlos Alberto Galvez Beroiza Luis Alberto Galvez Navarro Luis Hernan Garcia Cancino Hector Antonio Garcia Sanchez Ricardo Hernan Garrido Encina Miguel Angel Gatica Carrillo Marco Luciano Godoy Diaz Miguel Angel Godoy Rojas Juan Luis Godoy Valenzuela Patricio Conrado Gomez Sepulveda Hector Enrique Gonzalez Fuentes Waldo Enrique Gonzalez Irribarra Jose Gabriel Gonzalez Jofre Ramon Juan Gonzalez Morales Hernando Segundo Gonzalez Peña Jose Antonio Gonzalez Tobar Jose Miguel Gonzalez Tobar Juan Carlos Gonzalez Toro Guillermo Enrique Gonzalez Urriola Guillermo Guerrero Alday Rene Alberto Guerrero Becerra Ricardo del Carmen Guerrero Teran Osvaldo Fernando Guevara Castillo Hernan Alejandro Gutierrez Boilett Ramon Segundo Gutierrez Leal Jaime Enrique Gutierrez Pizarro Manuel Jesus Gutierrez Valdes Pedro Antonio Heredia Rios Miguel Angel Hernandez Aguilera Pedro Esteban Hernandez Buholzer marcelo Jose Hernandez Correa Miguel Angel Hernandez Franco Nelson Edison Hernandez Medina Ramon Abdon Hernandez Ramirez Jorge Manuel Herrera Herrera Juan Felix Herrera Silva Juan Sixto Honorato Villalobos Hector Gabriel Hormazabal Lagos Cristian Pablo Huerta Valderrama Luis Guillermo Ibaceta Herrera Juan Fernando Inostroza Carrasco Fredy Iturrieta Orellana Juan Domingo Iturrieta Ubilla Francisco Eduardo Jara Morales Pedro Alejandro Jara Ulloa Luis Armando Jaramillo Montenegro Juan Antonio Jorquera Abarzua Juan Alejandro Kalazich Sanchez Jaime Alejandro La Flor Flores Oscar Belarmino Laplechade Pipon Jose Orlando Lazo Moreno Manuel Gaston Leal Orellana Luis Alberto Leiva Arriagada Marco Antonio Leiva Sepulveda Pablo Enrique Leon Pino Alejandro del Carmen Lepe Schulz Nelson Gaston Lewis Sotomayor Luis Gustavo Lopez Fuentealba Fanor Patricio Lopez Nomel Pedro Leon Lopez Zuñiga Alejandro Antonio Loyola Diaz Victor Manuel Machmar Bastidas Rene Gonzalo Mager Rubilar Carlos Otto Maldonado Vidal Pedro Reinaldo Maldonado Villarroel Manuel Cecilio Manriquez Parraguez manuel Segundo Manzo Montenegro Manuel Mardones Garces Raul Ernesto Marin Ingles Manuel del Transito Marin Calderon Rene Orlando Martinez Cofre Juan Carlos Martinez Lazcano Lorenzo Justiniano Martinez Oporto Manuel Matamala Vargas Dubenil Segundo Medel Silva Oscar Omar Medina Medina Eduardo Blas Mejias Galaz Hector Lorenzo Mejias Ibarra Omar del Carmen Melipillan Barria Mario Humberto Meza Valdebenito Carlos Alberto Miranda Naranjo Sergio Luis Molina Astete Victor Manuel Molina Espinoza Zacarias Segundo Molina Gonzalez Pedro Pascual Molina Segura Eliecer Javier Molina Toro Jaime de la Cruz Moncada Hernandez Guido Arsenio Moncada Lillo Miguel Montes Merino Mario Anselmo Montes Neira Ruben del Cermen Montiel Varas Ricardo Alberto Moraga Hueiquimilla Luis Nolberto Morales Vallejos Marcos Efrain Moran Cortes Jose Benjamin Moscoso Gallardo Felipe Manuel Muller Vega Rene Humberto Muñoz Aguirre Walter Patricio Muñoz Carrasco Valentin Anibal Muñoz Cerda Ricardo Bartolome Muñoz Lopez Rolando Arsenio Muñoz Obreque Cresencio Fernando Muñoz Reinoso Eduardo Enrique Naranjo Riquelme Andres Alfredo Navarrete Bravo Raul Ulises Navarrete Valdes Hector Elias Navarro Alvarado Miguel Robinson Navarro Navarro Humberto Segundo Neira Peña Juan Alfonso Nuñez Gonzalez Ruperto Hernan Obal Labrin Hector Osvaldo Obreque Henriquez Luis Anselmo Obreque Molina Osiel Ocampo Aravena Francisco Anselmo Ocares Morales German Antonio Oelkers Salazar Abraham Segundo Olave Morales Moises Evangelista Olguin Ortiz Luis Alberto Oliva Morales Manuel Guillermo Olivares Duran Gaston Horacio Olmedo Alvarez Humberto Artemio Olmedo Varela Carlos Rolando Oñate Jara Jaime Luis Opazo Opazo Jaime Enrique Oporto Moreno Guido Antonio Orellana Morales Juan Carlos Orellana Seguel Francisco Javier Ortega Vargas Joel Ortiz Bustamante Rafael Humberto Ortiz Lazo Mario Eduardo Ortiz Romero Pedro Antonio Otarola Agurto Eusebio Otarola Lopez Raul Luis Oyarce Riquelme Eduardo Alejandro Oyarzo Gallardo Eugenio Cesar Pacheco Vasquez Juan Carlos Padilla Rojas Luis Salomon Paillan Millaquen Alberto Guido Papic Diaz Eduardo Ernesto Paredes Arce Fernan Ruy Paredes Marcoleta Ricardo Alfonso Parra Senociain Sergio Eusebio Pavez Silva Luis Arturo Paz Bustamante Nelson Alberto Peña Olave Ruperto Antonio Peña Roa Juan Antonio Perez Mesias Jose Ignacio Perez Salinas Manuel Orlando Pino Hormazabal Ramon Luis Pinolevi Rocha Carlos Juan Piñol Canto Ramon Gustavo Poblete Caro Patricio Enrique Pontigo Araya Eduardo Segundo Pozo Rivera Manuel Hugo Pradenas Ponce Juan Carlos Prieto Ortiz Julio Enrique Pumero Leon Humberto Andres Quinchaleo Curin Bernardo Nelson Quinteros Moya Francisco Javier Ramirez Hernandez Benito Ramirez Montoya Manuel Rigoberto Ramirez Parraguez Luis Ernesto Rapiman Saavedra Benito Abner Reinares Pesce Aquiles Arnaldo Reyes Campos Luis del Transito Reyes Lillo Juan Fidel Riquelme Garcia Claudio Omar Riquelme Muñoz Hector Hernan Risco Martinez Hector Gustavo Rivas Cabezas Jaime Patricio Rodriguez Matus Raul Osvaldo Rojas Gomez Luis Hernan Rojas Zuñiga Victor Martin Roldan Olmos Luis del Carmen Roman Baradit Gaston Orlando Roman Lorca Manuel Jesus Roman Villalobos Jose Victor Romero Pinto Victor Elias Romero Guerrero Andres Eloy Rozas Velasquez Eduardo Walter Rubilar Morales Miguel Enrique Ruiz Godoy Victor Eulogio Saez Ayala Ivan Enrique Saez Diaz Carlos Alberto Saez Salgado Patricio Natalio Salas Diaz Mario Arnoldo Salas Fuentes Jose Guillermo Salazar Ferranti Luis Nelson Salazar Gonzalez Carlos Humberto Salazar Maulen Eduardo Cristian Sanchez Campaña Eric Renato Sanchez Godoy Hector Arnaldo Sanchez Vachy Fernando Alejandro Santis Villalon Ricardo Aristides Sandoval Beroiza Manuel Gabriel Sanhueza Sanhueza Esteban Ananias Santis Villalon Ricardo Aristides Santos Ceybewitz Juan Manuel Segura Melgarejo Bernardo Ivan Sepulveda Duran Ramon Antonio Sepulveda Fuentes Manuel Arnoldo Sepulveda Hernandez Hugo Ernesto Sepulveda Pereira Sergio Ivan Sepulveda Varas Jose Rene Silva Artigas Luis Enrique Silva Cisternas Gumercindo Hernan Silva Garces Victor Manuel Silva Gatica Francisco Custodio Silva Medina Emilio De la Cruz Silva Moreno German Gerardo Silva Peña Claudio Segundo Silva Rivera Jose Octavio Soto Aravena Bruno Antonio Soto Garcia Manuel Jesus Soto Hernandez Eduardo Enrique Soto Lara Rogelio Enrique Soto Marmolejo Diego Ivan Soto Olavarria Luis Amado Soto Vega Guillermo Tapia Flores Mateo Raul Tapia Pasten Jorge Artemio Toledo Ancapichun Matias Nataniel Toledo Espinoza Luis Alberto Torres Mateluna Jorge Osvaldo Torres Navarro Guillermo Antonio Torres Villalobos Luis Armando Triviño Suco Ulises Raul Tromilen Catalan Sergio Armando Troncoso Figueroa Juan Misael Ureta Valenzuela Juan Luis Valdebeito Sandoval Oscar Antonio Valderrama Valdivia Jose Nolberto Valdes Molina Roberto Valdivia Perez Jose Manuel Valdivia Toledo Miguel Humberto Valdovinos Morales Rene Armando Valencia Osorio carlos Segundo Valenzuela Contreras Hector Valenzuela Montecinos Victor Enrique Valenzuela Pino Juan Roberto Valenzuela Riveros Rolando Nazario Valenzuela Salas Dagmar Denis Varas Ramos Luciano Arturo Vargas Vargas Francisco Javier Vargas Villanueva Juan Bautista Vasquez Balboa Claudio Antonio Vasquez Rodriguez Victor Raul Vasquez Santibañez Pedro Edgardo Vasquez Villegas Hernan Antonio Vega Abarca Jaime Cristian Velasquez Guala Leoncio Enrique Veloso Gallegos Heraldo Verdugo Rojas Juan Jose Vergara Bravo Luis Fernando Vergara Peralta Manuel Benjamin Vilchez Villegas Elias Joel Villagran Merino Luis Alberto Villarroel Gallardo Efrain del Carmen Villarroel Montenegro Marcelo Voisier Riffo Sendo Yañez Caceres Carlos Silvestre Yañez Parada Eladio del Carmen Zapata Reyes Basclay Humberto Zuñiga Gonzalez Luis Alberto Zuñiga Torres Jaime Abraham Aguilera Godoy Alejandro arturo Alacona Castro Luis Enrique Alcantara Villarreal Jose Luis Alvarez Contreras Daniel Enrique Araya Rodriguez Juan Ernesto Araya Echeverria Florencio del Carmen Araya Saez Anibal Luciano Arenas Lazcano Angel Rafael Arias Riffo Jose Benedicto Astorga Camus Nelson Antonio Avendaño Bravo Eduardo Enrique Avendaño Parra Carlos Eduardo Aviles Romero Simon Gaston Ayala Campos Juan Francisco Bahamonfez Gaete Juan Eduardo Barrera Fuentes Luis Eugenio Bolvaran Cortez Carlos Enrique Bravo Cifuentes Claudio Alfonso Bustamante Palma Octavio Enrique Cabezas Jara Francisco Antonio Caceres Navarro Victor Antonio Candia Miranda Rosamel Salomon Caro Jauregui Francisco Pancracio Cartes Muñoz Luis Eduardo Cajal Nuñez Oscar Alejandro Cajal Santiago Pedro del Transito Castillo Ovalle Hugo Luis Cespedes Hidalgo Lupercio Geronimo Concha Orellana Reinaldo Alfonso Cornejo Mella Jose Armando Cortes Acosta Omar Rolando Cortes Bravo Jaime Sebastian Cortes Pino Moises Domingo Cortes Perez Rodomil Heraldo Cortes Riquelme Eric Fernando Diaz Lara Sergio Ivan Doren Delgado Mario Pierre Duran Aedo Gustavo del Tránsito Duyvestein Veas Jorge Adrian Faundez Meneses Jose Nibaldo Flores Gatica Luis Iván Fuentes Casanova Patricio Antonio Fuentes Vasquez Hector Manuel Galaz Nuñez Mauricio Eugenio Galdames Barrientos Jose Ramón Galvez Yañez Francisco Tadeo Garcia Alvarez Edmundo Francisco Garrido Barraza Victor Manuel Garrido Rivera Ricardo Alejandro Gatica Perez Rodrigo Alfonso Gonzalez Arriagada Sergio Gonzalez Nuñez Mario Jaime Gordillo Albornoz Felipe Alex Gutierrez Fernandez Patricio Eduardo Herrera Troncoso Claudio Hidalgo Gonzalez David Isaac Ibañez Hermosilla Hector Omar Ibañez Rojas Hector Hugo Iturra Gonzalez Ramón Humberto Labraña Cadena Omar Luis Laureda Nuñez Manuel Antonio Lazarte Cuevas Elso Orlando Leiva Ramos Sergio Hernán Leiva Rojas Luis Alberto Marambio Olmos Gustavo Delfin Martinez Gaete Rubén Dario Morales Pizarro Juan Carlos Morel Planchat Jose Andrés Moreno Noguera Nicolas del Carmen Musalem Hazer Ignacio Claudio Navarro Piquimil Sergio Rolando Nuñez Zenteno Roberto Esteban Ojeda Caro Rene Hugo Ossandon Corrotea Oscar Joaquín Pacheco Carrasco Miguel Palma Orostica Orlando José Palma Rodriguez Lorenzo Pavlovic Urrionabarrenechea Jose Ivan Perez Galvez Omar Patricio Plaza Torres Oscar Raimundo Pulgar Albornoz Carlos Enrique Quintero Vergara Jaime Marcelo Reyes Reyes Jose Rafael Reveco Contreras Daniel Osvaldo Rinaldi Suarez Carlos Ramón Riquelme Soto Miguel Angél Rojas Agurto Hernán Robinson Salinas Nuñez Waldo Eugenio Sanhueza Sanhueza Claudio Segundo Sepúlveda Carrasco Alfredo Antonio Soto Cadiz Segundo Patricio Stockebrand Aguilera Victor Gabriel Suarez Delgado Juan Ignacio Valencia Gonzalez Erwin Antonio Vallejos Hazeldine Armando Vargas Pinto Enrique Villegas Vitali Danus Enrique Zamora Bascuñan Miguel Angél Alarcón Alarcón Carlos Eduardo Canales Ruminot Claudio Pedro Cofre Jorquera Maria Eugenia Jimenez Quezada Juan Victor Leyton Robles Manuel Jesus Prinea Lopez Jorge Isaac Rosas Toledo Guido Rolando Aceituno Cruz Jorge Guido Aguila Vasquez Juan Andrés Alfaro Lillo Juan Arturo Alvarez Herrera Miguel Antonio Aravena Sepúlveda Victor Araya Cordero Pedro Osvaldo Armijo Groves German Antonio Arriagada Martinez Juan Alberto Astorga Tobar Jose Manuel Barria Ibarra Carlos Belarmino Barra Palominos Luis David Bastias Muñoz Manuel Alejandro Bahamondes Urrutia Luis Alberto Basoalto Caceres Ceferino Ariel Benito Gonzalez Alberto Gabriel Berenguela Aracena Paul Roberto Brito Figueroa Juan Carlos Brito Caris Saul Humberto Bozo Salgado Ricardo Abraham Burgos Osses Ricardo Antonio Campora Vargas Jorge Octavio Campos Almuna Miguel Angél Cariqueo Godoy Ismael del Carmen Carrasco Villanueva Cardenio Aladino Carreño Aravena Pedro Humberto Carreño Morales Enrique Washington Callo Cabrera Victor Hugo Castillo Muñoz Isidro Bernardo Castillo Parada Julio del Carmen Castillo Rubilar Javier Alberto Castillo Silva Juan Rigoberto Cecconi Troncoso Enzo Celis Sanchez Luis Eugenio Cerda Quintana Luis Arnaldo Chinchilla Toledo Carlos Jesus Cristia Meza Juan Antonio Daza Lizama Jose Rene De la Fuente Diaz Luis Alberto Del Moro Olivares Eduardo Fernando Demanet Muñoz Adolfo Valentin Diaz Villalon Jorge Luis Duran Ulloa Ernesto Fernando Escobar Diaz Raul Hernan Escobar Valenzuela Juan Carlos Fuenzalida Diaz Jaime Arturo Ferrada Beltran Leonel Arcadio Ferrada Bobadilla Nestor Froilan Garrido Meza Juan Bautista Gatica Villarroel Pedro Segundo Gonzalez Alvarez Aldo Osman Gonzalez Peñailillo Alejandro Guerrero Guerrero Jose Carlos Hernandez Cubillo Cardenio Renato Herrera Lecaros Luis Andrés Huerta Gutierrez Julio Fernando Jimenez Vergara Carlos Hernan Kosch Breyer Carlos Jose Latin Ramos Abraham Leiva Abarca Luis Arturo Madrigal Rojas Rubén Daniel Manriquez Barrientos Juan Manuel Marin Alvarez Segundo Patricio Marquez Campos Jaime Andrés Matamala Fonseca Waldo Antonio Miranda Navarro Binicio Alberto Muñoz Alvarez Hugo Nibaldo Muñoz Alvarez Luis Alberto Panes Pinilla Jose Mateo Ojeda Caro Carlos Osvaldo Oliveras Fernandez Luis Humberto Orellana Lara Luis Antonio Paillacheo Ojeda Rubén Ríos Tapia Juan Lisandro Riquelme Henriquez Hernán Salas Nuñez Segio Patricio Sepúlveda Bustos Juan Eduardo Sepúlveda Valenzuela Carlos Miguel Velasco Lopéz Jorge Felipe Yañez Ibañez Pedro Nolasco Acevedo Opazo Rosa Sandra Aedo Aedo Erika Luisa Bruna Labra Benito Bernabe Coello Valenzuela Sergio Alejandro Concha Cabrera Victor Humberto Contreras Ríos Octavio Ademir Espinoza Jeanmaire Eduardo Franklin Guerra Francisco Antonio Herrera Andaur Nelson Huenupan Silva Domingo Segundo Leiva Olguin Jaime Hernán Montenegro Valenzuela Jose Guillermo Pastene Osses Robustiano del Carmen Rodriguez Valdes Blanca Deisy Saldias Conteras Ema Rosa San Martín Carrasco Bernardo Sepúlveda Larrondo Ana Maria Soto Pino Luis Alfonso Torreblanca Mavrakis Lorenzo Torres Olivares Antonio Anibal Vega Trujillo Patricio Gonzalez Ahumada Marcelino Eduardo Pineda Alvarez Jose Miguel Vargas Miquel Guillermo Lucio Albornoz Martinez Luis Armando Alvarez Droguet Victor Manuel Antitur Ñancufil Eliecer Arnoldo Aplablaza Meneses Gustavo Humberto Araya Barrera Eduardo Alberto Arcos Alvarado Abraham Enrique Arenas Cortes Juan Carlos Ardiles Quinteros Luis Alberto Baeza Reyes Alex Jose Becerra Letelier Gilberto Jesús Benavente Conejeros Gonzalo Betancurt Candia Carlos Francisco Bon Reyes Edwin Ernesto Briones Saa Sergio Ramón Caro Moya Hernán Gregorio Carrasco de la Puente Luis Alfonso Claveria Leiva Hugo Hernan Cortes Hernandez Luis Mario Cortez Lopez Juan Guillermo De La Parra Aracena Alberto Espinoza Tapia Luis Armando Fernandez Sanhueza Edison Antonio Flores Coliman Ernesto Alejandro Furniss Fisher Carlos Adolfo Gonzalez Moreno Olegario Enrique Guerra Guajardo Fernando Enrique Hernandes Hernandez Carlos Eduardo Herrera Angulo Pedro Dagoberto Hidalgo Jara Juan Segundo Hombitzer Fernandez Guillermo Evaristo Huaiquil Diaz Lazaro Manuel Jaque Riffo Hector Juan Jara Briones Claudio Eugenio Jerez Nuñez Eduardo Delfin Jimenez Catañeda Jose Nibaldo Jofre Callo Jose Arnoldo Lagos Fuentes Carlos Enrique Lepileo Barrios Jorge Antonio Letelier Verdugo Carlos Enrique Lisera Rodriguez Mario Alberto Lizana Ramirez Reginaldo German Lopez Mondaca Juan Gabriel Macmillan Godoy Jose Manuel Miranda Meza Carlos Enrique Miranda Muñoz Angel Patricio Miranda Vasquez Jose Rogelio Molina Tapia Luis Montero Gonzalez Mario Alberto Morales Bastias Jose Fernando Muller Pezo Hernan Washington Nuñez Díaz Juan Carlos Orellana Roldan Hugo Ortega Vasquez Luis Eliecer Pampillioni Moccia Leonardo Mario Pereira Fica Juan Bautista Pincheira Ubilla Marco Antonio Poblete Gonzalez Igor Domingo Poblete Palomino Aquiles Pueyes Contreras Elias Rosendo Quezada Cuevas Aldo Alfredo Quevedo Lopez Jose Segundo Quiroz Quintana Alfonso Humberto Riveros Frost Rafael Jesús Reyes Contreras Miguel Angel Rodriguez Demiere Roger Alvaro Rosas Valdebenito Renato Ricardo Saavedra Villegas Rene Patricio Sanchez Graf Enrique Eduardo Sanchez Guerrero Jorge Hugo Schwartenski Rubio Libardo Hernan Sepúlveda Miranda Patricio Guillermo Sepúlveda Valenzuela Santiago del Transito Soto Perez Raúl Alberto Soto Torres Jose Javier Maricahuin Rauil Edwin Navarro Saez Alfonso Peña Gatica Luis Perez Barahona Oscar Humberto Riquelme Guajardo Luis Fernando Ulloa Vergara Leonidas Yañez Ugalde Miguel Angél Arredondo Barraza Hector Miguel Barros Soto Victor Sebastián Cornejo Lara Carlos Alejandro Espinace Contreras Luis Fernando Estrada Soto Victor Jaime Fuenzalida Devia Samuel Enr

Frez Vasquez Rodolfo Enrique

Riveros Freire Pedro Alejandro Soto Cuevas Osvaldo Eugenio Vergara Alvarez Patricio Eduardo Carreño Cancino Manuel Antonio Cerda Koening Jaime Antonio Gonzalez Moya Manuel Alfonso Rojas Pradena Rodolfo del Carmen Flores Gutierrez Gerardo Lagos Yañez Luis Alberto Martinez Montecinos Fidel Bernardino Meneses Meneses Luis Alberto Paez Jofre Guillermo del Carmen Valdebenito Canales Juan Gonzalez Díaz Hector Arnaldo Muga Díaz Fernando Enrique Salcedo Gonzalez Sergio Fernando Venegas Gutierrez Cristian Gonzalez Díaz Hector Arnaldo Vera Milanca Sergio Santiago Martinez Erlandsen Raúl Emilio Naranjo Muñoz Enrique Ariel Aliaga Soto Maximo Ramón Burgo Díaz Fernando Remigio Barria Mancilla Segundo Eliseo Caceres Osorio Pedro Ernesto Carrasco Matus Carlos Alberto Castro Contreras Cardenio Quezada Donaire Hector Patricio Soto Román Hipolito del Carmen Contreras Osorio Luis Alberto Medel Espinoza Rigoberto Antonio Mendez Santos Raúl Boris

Source: elclarin.cl, July 8, 2013

Dictatorship Papers: The 26 doctors and five nurses who served in DINA clinics

The personnel who worked in the clinics created by the DINA—Santa Lucía, London, and El Golf—appear in a judicial branch that remains archived. Only five doctors have been convicted in proceedings for crimes committed by the repressive agency.

According to the investigation by Judge Alejandro Solís, some doctors monitored detainees while they were being tortured. CIPER accessed judicial documents containing testimonies from clinic workers regarding the role of these professionals.

In that review, we counted at least 31 people (26 doctors and five nurses) who worked in the clinics. Not all participated in torture, but none deny having placed themselves at the service of the DINA. Seven continue to practice, and three are awaiting rulings from the Supreme Court.

On June 1, 2007, a retired Carabineros officer and former agent of the National Intelligence Directorate (DINA), the repressive agency of the early years of the dictatorship, appeared before a judge. He was interrogated regarding the murder of Corporal Manuel Leyton Robles, which occurred in 1977, whom the DINA eliminated at the London Clinic.

Leyton had in his possession a car reported stolen—it had belonged to a forcibly disappeared person—and for that reason, he was arrested by the Carabineros. At the police station, he explained what he did for a living and mentioned the illegal detentions carried out by the dictatorship's agents.

He was released. But, for the DINA leadership, he had spoken more than was advisable. They took him for a medical check-up at the London Clinic—one of the three healthcare facilities created by the DINA—where, despite his good physical condition, he suffered a fatal cardiorespiratory arrest.

The interrogation of the former agent, whose identity CIPER keeps confidential, led to a detailed description of the three DINA clinics: Santa Lucía, London, and El Golf. By now, the justice system has established that the security agency recruited a group of doctors who assisted the DINA with the monitoring, resuscitation, and, in some cases, even the homicide of detainees.

The former agent declared that when there was a detainee in a barracks who could not provide any more information, the doctors fulfilled a role: "A DINA doctor would be called, who would go and attend to the detainee.

I don't remember who they were, but they were from the clinic (Santa Lucía). These doctors were there for that; it was their function and what that healthcare center was created for," he stated.

Journalistic efforts to reveal the functioning of what the press called the DINA's "sanitary brigade" have not been few. Chilevisión did so in 2014, when it confronted six doctors who are on the list of professionals who provided these services and revealed their workplaces: among them, the ophthalmologist Vittorio Orvieto Tiplitzky, the otolaryngologist Eugenio Fantuzzi Alliende, and the late Manfred Jürgensen Caesar.

Years earlier, the journalist Mónica González, founder of CIPER, had already published the existence of these healthcare centers in reports that contained a list of doctors from the London Clinic. And for his book "El despertar de los Cuervos" (The Awakening of the Ravens), the journalist Javier Rebolledo accessed the statements made by the health personnel of these clinics in the investigation by Minister Alejandro Solís, a file that is currently archived.

CIPER was able to review those and other testimonies that shaped this article and confirmed that at least seven doctors continue to practice in the private sector. For this report, the seven were contacted in order to incorporate their versions, but only one doctor agreed to have her testimony published.

DOCTORS INVESTIGATED BY JUDGE SOLÍS

The list of 31 professionals compiled by CIPER only includes those who were part of the clinics investigated by Judge Alejandro Solís. Of them, only five have been convicted in human rights cases. That list includes the late Manfred Jürgensen, brother of former constitutional convention member Harry Jürgensen (RN), who was sentenced to eight years of major imprisonment as an accomplice to the qualified homicide of the teacher and MIR militant, Federico Álvarez Santibáñez.

Three others are awaiting the Supreme Court's ruling.

The statements to which CIPER had access, containing accusations and accounts of torture, were mostly provided by former clinic workers. Some of those files were integrated into "Dictatorship Papers," a platform with more than 4,000 documents online developed by CIPER with the collaboration of the CIP-UDP (see the "Dictatorship Papers" platform here).

In those records, sensitive data of the victims and the clinic workers who filed the complaints were redacted.

According to the judicial investigation, at least 13 doctors graduated from the University of Chile. This is not strange. At that time, the FACH (Chilean Air Force) Colonel, Dámaso González Espinosa, who led the dental area of the Santa Lucía Clinic, worked as a professor at that university and was in charge of recruiting part of the staff.

This was pointed out to CIPER by some of the doctors contacted.

The statements mention three people in charge of these establishments: the FACH cardiologist, Werner Zanghellini Martínez, the pediatrician Hernán Horacio Taricco Lavín, and the nurse Eliana Carlota Bolumburú Toboada.

Last March, the Supreme Court sentenced Werner Zanghellini to a prison term for the first time. The other two are being prosecuted and have a sentence ratified by the Santiago Court of Appeals in the investigation into the homicide of Corporal Leyton, a case that must be reviewed by the Supreme Court.

A retired Carabineros sergeant testified that it was at the Santa Lucía Clinic where he saw the most agents with prisoners: "Indeed, I saw people arrive at that facility, who apparently had just been detained by agents; they were treated, but immediately they were taken away by the same agents who had brought them." A nurse who worked at the site declared that "the doctors from the Santa Lucía Clinic were frequently requested at Villa Grimaldi to examine the detainees, and they were always accompanied by a nurse." The villa was a secret DINA barracks where detainees were tortured and murdered. "In my case, I remember having talked to the detainees whom the doctor was examining, encouraging them to cooperate with the information requested of them," the same statement continues.

The healthcare centers were supposedly created to attend to civilian agents and their families, who did not have coverage in the Armed Forces hospitals. Indeed, medical and dental care was also provided there.

A statement by the dentist Pablo César Oyanguren Plaza asserted that at the London Clinic, "even President Pinochet was treated on some occasion." Other accounts say that Manuel Contreras did so as well.

The statement of a retired Army non-commissioned officer who was a nurse at the Santa Lucía Clinic is chilling: "It was known that at Villa Grimaldi, cars were driven over the bodies of the detainees and that sometimes they went too far and they arrived at the Santa Lucía (clinic) dying.

When there was no remedy, they had to be put to death with pentothal. I don't know what happened to the detainees to whom pentothal was administered, but it was rumored that there was another brigade that took charge of them to throw them into the sea."

MISS ELIANA

"There was a code at the Santa Lucía Clinic, which was a warning: 'the package is coming.' It meant that a detainee was coming, and one understood that one should not get involved. They would take them into a room and then administer something, and then the patient would leave deceased.

I heard from conversations among these doctors and Miss Eliana that they administered eight milligrams of pentothal, which caused an arrhythmia followed by a cardiorespiratory arrest, resulting in death at the clinic. And around midnight, they would take them out 'camouflaged,' covered with a blanket."

The previous paragraph is part of the extrajudicial statement of a former DINA employee, dated June 29, 2005. His testimony is one of the most detailed within Minister Solís's investigation. The person he calls "Miss Eliana" is the nurse Eliana Carlota Bolumburú Taboada.

At the Santa Lucía Clinic, she held the position of head of nurses, even over those with military rank. Upon reviewing the statements from the judicial process, it is clear that she played a fundamental role in that facility, even though her name does not resonate with the same impact as that of other professionals who provided service to the repressive apparatus.

In 2015, Eliana Bolumburú was sentenced, in the first instance, to three years and one day, in addition to professional disqualification, as a cover-up for the homicide of Corporal Manuel Leyton. But the court decided to grant her the benefit of intensive supervised release for the same period.

That sentence was ratified in 2020 by the Santiago Court of Appeals and is currently awaiting the Supreme Court's ruling.

The statements of other former clinic workers assert that Bolumburú was aware of the treatment the DINA gave to detainees. There are testimonies that point to her as being knowledgeable and cooperative in the interrogations and the use of pentothal, an anesthetic known as "truth serum," because, when administered in low doses, it causes patients to enter a state of drowsiness in which they can continue answering questions.

The application of pentothal has not been proven by the justice system, and the former nurse is only being prosecuted in the investigation into the homicide of Corporal Leyton.

In a police statement from June 2005, a nurse recalled the moment he met Bolumburú when she was arriving in an ambulance from the London Clinic with a patient on a stretcher. "The one I recognized immediately was Army Corporal Manuel Leyton Robles," the nurse asserted.

He also added that, upon returning to the clinic at night, he found a woman at the entrance crying: "And I asked her what was wrong, and she stated that her husband had died of a heart attack, and I found out it was Corporal Manuel Leyton."

More than one former official of the Santa Lucía Clinic pointed to Bolumburú as one of the people who controlled the medical staff. The statements also say that she did the same, for a short period, at the London Clinic. "Due to her position, she was aware of everything that happened there," noted a former Army nurse.

Another former worker said that on one occasion he accompanied Bolumburú to Villa Grimaldi and that she "connected directly and knew the bosses. I was able to see the interrogation rooms through this nurse who had direct access to these facilities."

In 2005, a retired Army non-commissioned officer testified before the PDI (Investigations Police) in Valdivia that there were doctors from Santa Lucía involved "secretly in acts of death of detainees." He provided three names: Dr. Werner Zanghellini, the anesthesiologist Osvaldo Leyton, and the nurse Bolumburú Taboada.

Two years later, the non-commissioned officer met with Bolumburú in a confrontation. The nurse was blunt: "I was in charge of buying and supplying the medications that were for the treatment of the personnel.

I never knew about the pentothal (...). Regarding the fact that there were doctors involved in acts of death at the clinic, it is a slander; I don't know what could have motivated him to say such a lie," she emphasized.

The first time Eliana Bolumburú testified, according to the records of this file, was on June 17, 2003, at the Interpol National Central Bureau. At that time, she maintained that there were no irregular situations in the DINA clinics. In 2005, she declared: "Detained persons were never attended to. Furthermore, I must assure that I did not know of other DINA detention centers."

In 2006, her version changed. This time she confessed to having known about detainees at the Santa Lucía Clinic. According to her new account, Marcelo Moren, a former DINA agent who died in 2015 while serving a sentence of more than 300 years, arrived at the healthcare facility once.

On that occasion, Bolumburú said, Moren appeared together with the agent Osvaldo Pincetti. They were asking for a detainee: "I knew there was a person who was in a bed on the second floor; I presume it was a political prisoner, but I did not know this person's name, although I saw that they had burned wrists," said the nurse.

Eliana Bolumburú worked at the Santa Lucía Clinic and then at the London. She retired in mid-1977, the period in which she married the officer and DINA agent, Hugo "Cacho" Acevedo Godoy, one of the men closest to the head of the repressive agency, Manuel Contreras.

Eliana Bolumburú was contacted by CIPER last Monday, August 28, but she did not respond to the messages. Through her lawyer, Hernán Aladín, she initially indicated that she could address our inquiries on Thursday, August 31.

But that same day, her lawyer explained that, for health reasons, she would not be able to answer our questions until after September 20. CIPER had already delayed the publication of this article given the possibility of meeting with her, but an interview could not be arranged before the closing of this article.

DR. TARICCO

A surgeon with a specialty in pediatrics. His residence in Lo Barnechea, a property that according to the Internal Revenue Service has a fiscal appraisal of more than $672 million, is registered under the name Inversiones Santo Domingo.

That company—established in 2013 and composed of the doctor and his family—also owns the car that was parked at his home when CIPER tried to contact him, a 2022 Mercedes Benz.

In 2014, the Channel 13 program "En su propia Trampa" (In Their Own Trap) confronted him for offering a fake laser treatment at his private clinic "Red Médica Tabancura" that promised to cure psychiatric disorders, as well as addictions such as smoking and alcoholism.

Like Bolumburú, in 2015 Taricco Lavín was convicted in the first instance in the Corporal Leyton case. The court sentenced him to three years and one day as a cover-up for the homicide, but granted him conditional remission.

In 2020, the Court of Appeals reduced that sentence to 541 days, without ruling on professional disqualification. The doctor filed an appeal for cassation: he alleges that he did not participate in the events. He is awaiting the Supreme Court's ruling.

Taricco Lavín signed the report where it was asserted that the cause of Leyton's death was asphyxia due to aspiration of vomit, with a cardiorespiratory arrest. But, in a police statement, the former DINA agent, Michael Townley, recounted that he received the order "to provide sarin (gas) to eliminate Corporal Leyton and that the material author who applied the sarin was an Army lieutenant."

In June 2003, Taricco denied his participation in the false report: "I never held the position of director of the London Clinic. Regarding the report that I have just read, which bears my signature, it is a technical report, which for a specific situation and because I was a health officer, I was asked to put the signature block as director, a position I did not hold."

Another doctor from the clinic, Luis Hernán Santibáñez Santelices, one of those who examined the Army non-commissioned officer, declared that he saw Taricco Lavín "preparing a report for the Legal Medical Service, for a patient who had died, not knowing more details, since I did not ask nor was I told what had happened to the patient I had previously attended."

Furthermore, in the judicial file, there are several statements that point to Taricco as one of the heads of the London Clinic. In 2003, the nurse Bolumburú asserted that "Dr. Taricco replaced Dr. Zanghellini when he was absent from his position as general director."

Through his lawyer, Leonardo Battaglia, Dr. Hernán Taricco declined to answer CIPER's questions.

DR. LEYTON

On June 27, 2003, Osvaldo Leyton declared that it was due to an offer that he arrived at the Santa Lucía Clinic in 1974. He mentioned that, upon arriving at the address he had been given, he found out "that it was a DINA barracks and not the Air Force. In this place, they asked me if I was willing to work for them, which I accepted due to economic needs."

In July 2005, the anesthesiologist testified at the Interpol offices. There, he asserted that he did have knowledge that on occasions DINA agents arrived with detainees: "Indeed, I had to go on several occasions to detention centers such as Villa Grimaldi and Cuatro Álamos." Leyton was pointed out in the statement of an Army nurse as part of the doctors involved in episodes that ended with the death of detainees.

However, Leyton Bahamondes has no convictions, although in 2007 he was prosecuted for the death of Corporal Manuel Leyton.

For this investigation, the anesthesiologist was contacted by CIPER at his private clinic in Providencia, but he declined to respond.

Leyton Bahamondes also testified before the police on November 17, 2006. On that occasion, he was interrogated about Corporal Leyton's medical record. It was in his handwriting. "I have no explanation for why my handwriting appears in the part that refers to the care provided during the day; speculating a little, it may be that if I did it, it was due to an order that necessarily must have come from the medical leadership, which in that period corresponded, apparently, to Dr.

Taricco or to a superior military authority."

Santiago Alfredo Matteo Galleguillos

He worked as an Army nurse at the Santa Lucía Clinic, and several of those who testified remember him for a single detail: the lie detector. On November 10, 2005, a nurse declared: "Both Osvaldo Leyton and Zanghellini were cardiologists, and the latter used a so-called PC1 or PC2, which was a lie detector, which operated advised by the nurse Santiago Matteo, who handled this equipment and which was kept in a small office at the London."

Santiago Matteo Galleguillos was also prosecuted in the investigation into the murder of Corporal Leyton for allegedly covering up the homicide. But his participation could not be proven, and he was acquitted by the Santiago Court of Appeals in 2020.

In 2010, Matteo Galleguillos gave an extrajudicial statement. On that occasion, he said that he had traveled to Miami together with Dr. Zanghellini in 1975 for a course on the use of the lie detector or polygraph.

But, he added that he had never used that machine. An Army nurse said that in the same clinic there was equipment that interrogated detainees with a lie detector that was handled—as he recounted—by the most senior nurses, Matteo Galleguillos and Lorenzo Toro Olivares.

VISITS TO DETENTION CENTERS

Among the doctors who have been convicted for crimes related to the DINA is the former director of the Santa Lucía Clinic, the cardiologist Werner Zanghellini, sentenced to 10 years and one day in an investigation into the qualified kidnapping of two people, in the framework of Operation Colombo.

Also the ophthalmologist Vittorio Orvieto, sentenced in several cases related to the Tejas Verdes prisoner camp. The same happened with Manfred Jürgensen, who died after being captured in Argentina.

Jürgensen was a fugitive from justice after being sentenced by the Supreme Court, in January of this year, to eight years in prison as an accomplice to the qualified homicide of the teacher and MIR militant, Federico Álvarez Santibáñez.

Together with him, the rheumatologist Luis Alberto Losada was sentenced, in the capacity of cover-up, to two years in prison, with the benefit of conditional remission. Both assisted Álvarez Santibáñez at the Cuartel Borgoño, near the Mapocho Station.

The nurse Orlando Jesús Torrejón Gatica is convicted in multiple cases associated with victims of Operation Colombo and in the process for the murder of the teacher Marta Ugarte Román.

Orlando Torrejón Gatica appears described in the statements of other former workers of the DINA clinics. A nurse declared that "the term 'package' refers to the detainees who were dead; generally, it was said 'package out,' and those who constantly spoke with that term were Torrejón or Muñoz." A retired Carabineros sergeant who worked as a nurse pointed out that "the care for the detainees was carried out by specific personnel for them; for example, I remember Orlando Torrejón."

To those names is added, but only convicted in the first instance as a cover-up in the Corporal Leyton case, the surgeon Pedro Valdivia Soto. Like Bolumburú and Taricco, Valdivia is awaiting the Supreme Court's ruling.

In the files, there are also statements that accuse other doctors of having gone to detention centers. In 2005, a former worker of these clinics claimed to have accompanied the doctors Sergio Virgilio Bocaz, Enrique Silva Peralta, Christian Emhart Araya, Eugenio Fantuzzi Alliende, and Luis Cárcamo Díaz. "I must point out that several of these were recently graduated doctors," he asserted.

Of that list, Luis Felipe Cárcamo Díaz, an otolaryngologist, is the only one who continues in his functions: he does so in his private clinic in Temuco. Through a person who works there, Cárcamo declined to answer inquiries for this article.

Among the doctors who continue to practice is also Luis Santibáñez Santelices, who currently attends at Integramédica. Santibáñez testified in the Leyton case and, apart from detailing that he attended to the deceased non-commissioned officer, he pointed out: "I started working in the summer of 1977, at the request of Dr.

Werner Zanghellini, also a doctor of the Air Force. The reason was that they intended to implement an Intensive Care Unit in it, since some attacks against the DINA and military authorities were presumed.

I lasted a short time; almost at the end of March of that same year, I submitted my resignation, not reaching three months of practice at the London Clinic. I remember that the director on that date was Horacio Taricco Lavín."

Contacted by CIPER, Santibáñez refused to address inquiries about his participation in the London Clinic.

Camilo Azar Saba is one of the doctors who reviewed the injuries of the teacher and MIR militant, Federico Álvarez Santibáñez. He pointed this out before the justice system: "By order of General Mena, I had to recertify the injuries presented by two people who had been detained by the Carabineros and then transferred to the CNI (...) One of these people subsequently died at the Posta Central, a teacher named Federico Álvarez Santibáñez."

Dr. Jorge Manlio Fantini Valenzuela appears in a statement provided by a former civilian DINA employee: "He was the one who had to be most attentive when operations and detentions were carried out. He liked to be involved." In 1982, Fantini married the nurse Isabel Margarita Jarpa Riveros, who provided services at the London Clinic.

THE GYNECOLOGISTS

One of the branches that guided the investigation into the DINA clinics was the alleged abortion due to the torture suffered by a detainee who had arrived at the Santa Lucía Clinic eight months pregnant.

A police report records the testimony of a prisoner who in 1975 was detained by the DINA. According to her account, she was held at Colonia Dignidad and Villa Grimaldi. The report maintains that "it was at Villa Grimaldi where she was able to see a detainee in poor physical condition due to the torture received, and who came from a clinic located near the Santa Lucía hill, where they had murdered her eight-month-old son, when he was in her womb."

According to the statements reviewed by CIPER, on repeated occasions, the doctors and nurses were interrogated about the passage of a pregnant woman through the Santa Lucía Clinic. The Ministry of the Interior, a plaintiff in the case, requested Minister Solís to officially ask the Vicaría de la Solidaridad to remit the records of three women who had given birth while they were detained by the DINA.

On July 6, 2009, Solís granted the request.

Two gynecologists passed through the Santa Lucía Clinic: Juan Pablo Figueroa Yáñez and Eduardo Francisco Contreras Valcarce. It was the former who once declared that he remembered an occasion when they asked him to attend to a pregnant detainee: "To that request, I refused to perform the auscultation on the pregnant woman, and subsequently, they requested it as a personal favor, and I agreed to examine her, finding no problems in her pregnancy.

I remember that while I was performing said examination, Mr. Marcelo Moren Brito was present." Figueroa said he did not remember the name of that woman.

Eduardo Francisco Contreras Valcarce died in 2016. According to a statement by the doctor Eugenio Fantuzzi Alliende, Contreras Valcarce arrived at the clinic like other classmates from his graduating class, by offer of Zanghellini.

His name is often confused with that of his brother, Enrique Eduardo Contreras Valcarce, a surgeon. But while the former provided services in DINA clinics, the latter suffered the repression of the "Caravan of Death" and, according to his family's version, was even a prisoner in a facility in the north.

OTHER DOCTORS MENTIONED

In the investigation, a series of doctors, dentists, and health personnel who were part of the Santa Lucía Clinic are pointed out. According to the files, they were hired on a fee basis, mostly recently graduated from the university.

The accounts of witnesses coincide that on the first floor was the dental clinic and that on the third was concentrated the medical corps destined to keep alive detainees who had been tortured.

The dentists on the first floor assert that they never saw detained patients and that they did not know about abortions. The head of that department was the dentist Dámaso Luis Augusto González, who still attends his clinic in Providencia.

As other doctors from DINA clinics explained, it was he who recruited students from the University of Chile—where he taught classes—to join the Santa Lucía Clinic. And, as stated in the file, on occasions he was left in charge of the clinic.

CIPER communicated with the doctor's clinic. His secretary indicated that he was out of Santiago and that she would give him our message. At the closing of this report, there was no response.

Sergio Muñoz Bonta is also pointed out as a dental surgeon who held a leadership position at the London Clinic. A nurse declared: "Dr. Sergio Muñoz Bonta, who was a dentist who came from the War Academy, was brought by Colonel (Manuel) Contreras to the London Clinic." Muñoz Bonta died in 2005.

The dentists Carlos Rodolfo Ullrich Dunner and Milena Cecilia Zulic Lolic declared in 2010 that they worked at the Santa Lucía Clinic. Ullrich did so in the rest of the clinics set up by the DINA and until the return to democracy in 1989.

Just blocks away, in Las Condes, both currently have their dental clinics, and both denied before the justice system having seen or attended to tortured patients.

Zulic—who was married to Ullrich—told CIPER that she has a clear conscience: "I never had nor do I have anything to hide (...). I worked at the clinic. I had just graduated and was looking for a job. I was a super good student and I was not from the left.

I have never been a member of a party, but I feel like a free thinker, but I was not at all in agreement with what was happening at that moment (the Popular Unity). But, independent of the political thing, we were never told that it was to work for the DINA nor that there were going to be detainees and things, nothing.

When they contacted me, they told me it was to attend to the children of officials." She says that they paid her well, that she was there for several months, and that, when she was already working in that place, she found out that it was related to the DINA.

Asked by CIPER if she left that job due to ethical objections, after finding out that the DINA was behind the clinic, she responded: "No, because I at that time was a bird (...). There I didn't know anything about what was happening."

Mario Augusto Hernández Cáceres is another doctor mentioned in the file who denies having participated in acts linked to human rights violations. He gave an extrajudicial statement in 2010. That same year, the dentist Gonzalo Luarte Romo pointed out before the justice system having worked only for the London Clinic and that he also did not see or know anything. He died on July 10 of this year.

In the team of dentists, also figured Pablo César Oyanguren Plaza, who was a professor at the Universidad Mayor until 2019. In the process, he said that it was Dámaso González who recruited him. He also declared that he was part of the CNI clinic, that they gave him an identity card with the name Cicerón Videla to vote in the 1988 Plebiscite, and a card that was used as a "line-breaker."

The list of mentions also includes doctors of other specialties: the psychiatrist Roberto Emilio Lailhacar Chávez. He declared in 2010 that he was only at the El Golf Clinic, but that he provided services to the DINA from before: "I entered the DINA as a civilian employee (...).

Probably during the year 1973." Furthermore, he explained that he worked with Lucía Hiriart when Augusto Pinochet was still in power. He asserted that he never attended to wounded people nor participated in interrogations. Consulted by CIPER, he declined to refer to the detail of what he witnessed and did at the DINA clinic.

The cardiologist Sergio Pliscoff Marovich worked at the London and El Golf clinics. He declared in 2010 and pointed out that he never visited detained persons: "I lack all types of information," he said. He died in 2016.

(*) Valentina Valenzuela and Soledad López Figueroa collaborated on this report. () The background information presented in this article includes ongoing judicial proceedings, so the people mentioned should not be considered guilty until the justice system issues a final sentence.

Source: ciper.cl, September 1, 2023