Carmen Margarita Díaz Darricarrere, a university student and militant of the MIR, was detained by the DINA on February 13, 1975, at approximately 10:30 a.m., a block and a half from her home located at Calle Los Illanes No. 75, along with Iván Montti Cordero and his 5-year-old son.

After being detained, they were taken to the aforementioned address where, hours later, Alan Bruce Catalán and Sergio Vásquez Sáenz were also detained. That same day, all of them were transferred to the secret DINA facility known as Villa Grimaldi, where they were interrogated, subjected to torture, and held in a place called "La Torre" (The Tower).

The victim, like the others detained with her, was forcibly disappeared from that clandestine facility during the last week of February 1975. The 5-year-old child, who had also been taken to Villa Grimaldi, was transferred to a children's home, where he was fortuitously found by his relatives.

There are numerous testimonies from surviving victims regarding the detention of Carmen Díaz and her subsequent imprisonment at Villa Grimaldi, which have been provided in the various judicial proceedings initiated due to the disappearance of the other individuals detained with her.

Such is the case of witness Ingrid Sucarrat Zamora, who stated in the proceedings for Iván Montti Cordero that, while detained at Villa Grimaldi, she was taken out on the night of February 12, 1975, and moved to a property located on Calle Los Illanes across from No. 95, a house that was under DINA surveillance.

She spent the entire night at that location guarded by three agents, and the following morning, Carmen Díaz and the other identified individuals were detained and all were transferred to Villa Grimaldi, where she saw them until February 24.

In the same case for Montti Cordero, there are statements from former DINA prisoners María Isabel Matamala Vivaldi, Amelia Odette Negrón Larre, Elena María Altieri Missana, Fidelia Herrera Herrera, and Gladys Díaz Armijo, in which they testify to having been detained by the DINA and transferred to Villa Grimaldi, where they were tortured and abused; in that facility, they saw the victim and the other people detained in connection with her in the place called "La Torre," who were taken out of Villa Grimaldi toward an unknown destination toward the end of February 1975.

Several of the witnesses were in the same cell as Carmen Díaz, with whom they were able to speak on several occasions, learning of the circumstances surrounding her detention. Thus, Elena María Altieri Missana recounts in her sworn statement that, on one occasion, she saw a woman standing in the patio outside the room where she was being held, holding a child by the hand; she was blindfolded, had tanned skin, was wearing a very short summer skirt, and had short hair.

Later, she was brought into the room with the rest of the detainees. There, she removed her blindfold and asked where she was, stating that her name was Carmen Díaz Darricarrere, that the child’s name was "CONE" (Eugenio Montti Araya), and that he was the son of Iván Montti Cordero, who was detained with her.

The child did not enter the room, and the detainees do not know what happened to him. Carmen Díaz was well; it gave the impression that she had not yet been tortured.

Despite the efforts and inquiries made by her family, her final fate at the hands of DINA agents remains unknown. Judicial efforts yielded no results, other than to reliably confirm her detention and subsequent imprisonment in a DINA facility.

JUDICIAL AND/OR ADMINISTRATIVE ACTIONS

On July 20, 1979, her brother, Rodrigo Raimundo Díaz Darricarrere, filed a criminal complaint for the crime of kidnapping before the Minister in Visitation Servando Jordán López, who was investigating cases of forcibly disappeared persons in the Department of Santiago.

The complaint document sets forth the precise circumstances of the victim's arrest and her time at Villa Grimaldi. Also attached to the case file were a clipping from the newspaper El Mercurio dated March 24, 1974, ordering the victim to appear before the Military Prosecutor's Office of Temuco, and sworn statements from Gladys Díaz Armijo, Patricia del Carmen Zúñiga Barros, Fidelia Herrera, Gloria Angélica Araya Bolton, Oscar Hernán Angulo Matamala, and Hugo Ernesto Salinas Farfán, all survivors of Villa Grimaldi and, therefore, witnesses to the victim's imprisonment.

The Minister in Visitation declared himself incompetent to hear the case, on the grounds that his Extraordinary Visitation was limited to proceedings that were already in progress and to hearing the reopening of summary proceedings in cases that had been dismissed if new evidence was presented. The files were sent to the 6th Criminal Court of Santiago, initiating case 193.360.

In the investigation order carried out by the Investigative Police, the complainant was interviewed and ratified the terms of his complaint; the respective reports were requested from the Central Identification Cabinet and Interpol, but were not obtained; the CNI stated that the victim had never appeared as a detainee of its personnel; and no corpse with her characteristics had been admitted to the Legal Medical Institute since 1975.

Finally, the Investigative Police report stated that other inquiries conducted—without specifying which—to determine a possible whereabouts for Carmen Díaz had not yielded the expected results. On November 16, 1979, the Minister of the Interior, Sergio Fernández Fernández, informed the Court that there was no record of the victim in that Secretariat, nor was there any record of any resolution order affecting or having affected her.

In October 1980, the Judge conducted a personal inspection of case No. 545 78 regarding the disappearance of Iván Montti Cordero, from the First Military Prosecutor's Office of Santiago, noting the parts relevant to the facts of his knowledge.

In March 1981, the Director General of the Investigative Police reported that, upon reviewing the archives of the Information Department, Carmen Margarita Díaz Darricarrere was registered as a militant of the MIR; in 1974, the Military Prosecutor's Office of Cautín ordered her location and detention in case 12 74 for violation of the Internal State Security Law, and in case 550 74 for violation of the Arms Control Law.

On April 30 of that year, the Investigative Police reported on a second investigation order issued by the Court, in which the complainant was interviewed again. This time, they went to Calle Los Illanes and verified that No. 95 does not exist (in fact, the house where the events occurred is the one marked No. 75), but they interviewed several neighbors in the sector, including Dora Atton Walch, residing at Los Illanes 64, located across from No. 75, who stated that in February 1975 she was on vacation in the south of the country and therefore could not provide any information related to that matter.

The Investigative Police report indicates that pertinent inquiries were made regarding Villa Grimaldi, establishing that the aforementioned Villa does not exist.

It should be noted that both in the visit of Minister Jordán and in file 553 78 of the Second Military Prosecutor's Office, there are statements from General Manuel Contreras Sepúlveda and Colonel Marcelo Moren Brito, who acknowledge that Villa Grimaldi was a place for the transit of detainees, filing, and information analysis.

On May 14, 1982, the Judge reviewed case 12-74 of the Cautín Army Prosecutor's Office, in which the apprehension and transfer of Carmen Díaz Darricarrere were ordered. The Judge noted that, via report No. 13 dated February 25, 1974, the Temuco Investigative Police reported that Carmen Díaz was granted asylum in Mexico.

On May 18, the Judge decreed the closure of the summary proceedings, a resolution that was appealed by the plaintiff before the Santiago Court of Appeals, which on September 20, 1982, revoked the appealed resolution, considering that the investigation had not been exhausted.

In this new stage of the process, the Judge reviewed case No. 550 74 of the Military Court of Valdivia against Carmen Díaz Darricarrere, which contains the accused's investigative statement dated September 11, 1973, certifying that she was released due to an oversight by the Tucapel Regiment, where she gave the statement.

On July 4, 1974, she was declared in contempt for all legal purposes and was subsequently sentenced to three years of minor imprisonment in its medium degree as the perpetrator of the crime of violating the Internal Security Law; being in contempt, the procedure was suspended until she appeared or was found.

On October 7, 1982, the National Headquarters of Immigration and Interpol reported that the victim had no travel records. In February 1985, the Court reviewed file 553 78 of the Second Military Prosecutor's Office, in which, among other cases, the proceedings for Alan Bruce Catalán were accumulated, containing statements from witnesses who were detained at Villa Grimaldi with Alan Bruce and Carmen Díaz, and who point out that the head of Grimaldi was Marcelo Moren Brito, an uncle of Alan Bruce Catalán, whom they called "El Ronco" (The Hoarse One).

The clarification of Colonel Marcelo Moren Brito is also recorded, who says that he is indeed a relative of Alan Bruce, that he belonged to the DINA until 1977, and that theoretically he could have been the head of Villa Grimaldi on more than one occasion. He denies knowing about the arrest of his nephew Alan Bruce.

In February 1985, the process was closed, and in April of that year, Judge Manuel Silva Ibáñez temporarily dismissed the case on the grounds that, based on the evidence brought to the process, the existence of any crime in the investigated facts was not proven in the records. This resolution was approved by the Court of Appeals on November 8, 1985.

Source: Corporation report

It is September 11 again. The commemoration of the victims of the dictatorship, which has been carried out on these dates since 1990, has never been a national activity; it has been kept alive by the surviving victims of the repression, their families, human rights and memory organizations, and individuals and groups who pay tribute and remember, in an increasingly difficult attempt, each of the forcibly disappeared persons and political executions, who stand in solidarity with the thousands of survivors of torture and illegal detention; those who suffered forced exile, those who were expelled from their jobs and studies, those who lost their homes, those who were relegated, and the people who suffered all kinds of violations of their rights, violently and without the possibility of defending themselves or complaining.

The reality is that in Chile, the dictatorship was never defeated. The transfer of power from Pinochet and his regime was done carefully, and agreements were negotiated that would ultimately contribute to the unprecedented social and political protest that arose in 2019 against this "negotiated Chile." What the families of the victims and the survivors longed for never arrived: full, prompt, and reparatory justice.

Instead, Pinochet never lost the status of former President of the Republic, a position he granted himself, just like his investiture as Senator. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission was established, which granted the status of qualified victims to a large proportion, but not all, of the fatal victims.

It provided capricious reparations, and the preliminary investigations of this commission were sent to the courts without any follow-up or will from the government, to be finally dismissed in the vast majority of cases.

Today, it is acceptable for people to express their attachment to the military dictatorship and deny the existence of the horrendous crimes that took place, because it is established knowledge among the population that remembering the victims and demanding justice is a political choice, that all perspectives on this are opinions, and that all are valid.

It was never established in the collective subconscious that the dictatorship was a dark period in this country, which all Chileans—those who suffered the violations and those who did not—had to condemn.

Only for a very short period, 503 days to be exact, and due to something absolutely coincidental, Pinochet was detained during a pleasure and business trip to England. That was the only moment in his life that he found himself in that condition; it was only as a result of that that he had to resign from his position as Senator to obtain the total protection of the then-democratic government of Chile.

The victims of the dictatorship come from all over Chile; they belong to all spaces. It is our duty to make them visible, to remember them, and to ensure that their memory is preserved actively. The University of Chile and the State Technical University, Temuco campuses, which in 1981 formed the University of La Frontera according to the decision of the Government Junta, have among their students and professors 21 victims, forcibly disappeared persons and political executions, women and men.

They are part of our university community; they moved through the same spaces, they worked for a better, more solidary, and fairer society, as many of today's students, staff, and academics do. They are our history, not the past, because they are present in our memory; therefore, we must give them the place they deserve in our university, where today we study, work, and share the dream of a fair and better world.

Written by: Nicole Douilly Yurich

Director, Center for Studies and Promotion of Human Rights, UFRO

Source: humanidades.ufro.cl 09/07/2022

Date: 09-07-2022

WE REMEMBER OUR COLLEAGUES, VICTIMS OF HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS DURING THE DICTATORSHIP

Within the framework of the anniversary of the Military Coup, the College of Nurses of Chile A.G. and its Human Rights Commission pay tribute to nurses who were victims of human rights violations during the dictatorship: CARMEN MARGARITA DÍAZ DARRICARRERE.

She was 24 years old and a nursing student at the University of Chile in the Temuco branch and a militant of the MIR when she was detained by the DINA on February 13, 1975, at approximately 10:30 a.m., a block and a half from her home located at Calle Los Illanes No. 75 in Las Condes, Santiago, along with Eduardo Iván Montti Cordero (29 years old, a graduate of Mechanical Engineering from the State Technical University) and his 5-year-old son.

After being detained in a house along with other victims of the dictatorship, they were all transferred to the secret DINA facility known as Villa Grimaldi, where they were interrogated, tortured, and held in a place called "La Torre," from where they disappeared in the last week of February 1975.

The 5-year-old child, who had also been taken to Villa Grimaldi, was transferred to a children's home, where he was found fortuitously by those remaining of his family.

She was forcibly disappeared along with Jaime Vásquez Sáenz, Alan Bruce Catalán, and Eugenio Iván Montti Cordero.

In December 2006, Juan Manuel Guillermo Contreras Sepúlveda was sentenced to fifteen years of major imprisonment in its medium degree and the respective accessories as the perpetrator of the crimes of qualified kidnapping of Eugenio Iván Montti Cordero and Carmen Margarita Díaz Darricarrere, and Marcelo Luis Manuel Moren Brito and Rolf Gonzalo Wenderoth Pozo were sentenced to ten years and one day of major imprisonment in its medium degree and the corresponding accessories for their responsibility as co-perpetrators of the aforementioned qualified kidnapping crimes.

Miguel Krassnoff Martchenko and Basclay Humberto Zapata Reyes were also convicted as accomplices in the crimes of qualified kidnapping of Eugenio and Carmen to five years and one day of major imprisonment in its minimum degree and the corresponding accessories, with all being ordered to pay the costs of the proceedings.

Brigadier Fernando Lauriani and Carabineros officer Gerardo Godoy, both retired, were acquitted.

The appellate court also dismissed the case against former civil agent Osvaldo Romo due to his death. Despite the efforts, inquiries, and judicial actions carried out by her family, her final fate at the hands of DINA agents remains unknown. On March 20, 1981, the Temuco branches of the "University of Chile" and the "State Technical University" merged into the University of La Frontera (UFRO).

In 2011, Carmen Díaz received her posthumous degree in Nursing from the University of La Frontera. In early 2018, she received her posthumous degree in Nursing from the University of Chile.

Source: colegiodeenfermeras.cl 09/10/2021

Date: 09-10-2021

UFRO awarded posthumous degrees to 20 students murdered during the dictatorship

To carry out the awarding of the 20 professional degrees, the University of La Frontera conducted an exhaustive review of each case. The University of La Frontera awarded twenty posthumous professional degrees to students who were murdered or forcibly disappeared during the dictatorship and who were pursuing their degrees at the University of Chile and the State Technical University.

The ceremony, held in the presence of university authorities, family members, and friends of the honorees, was experienced with absolute emotion and solemnity as each of the certificates accrediting the studies completed by the young people—which were interrupted for political reasons and historical causes of attacks against Human Rights—was presented.

In this regard, the acting rector of the UFRO, Juan Manuel Fierro, pointed out that for the university, this ceremony constitutes an act of profound reflection. "Culminating a deeply human journey like this does not mean closing the last page of a book, but restarting the writing of a new one, proposing the imperishable nature of the university ideal and the conquest of human dignity."

Lilian Díaz Herrera, a relative of Carmen Díaz Darricarrere, a 24-year-old student who was disappeared on February 13, 1975, while studying Nursing at the University of Chile, Temuco branch, stated that "there is a sense of gratification for the recognition of Carmen as a student and as a professional of the University of La Frontera, but it also causes us deep feeling that she is recognized as a social fighter, because for us as a family, these examples help us close an important process, the long task of assuming, recognizing, and demanding justice."

Source: soychile.cl May 17, 2011

Date: 05-17-2011

Supreme Court issues conviction against DINA leadership for qualified kidnappings

The Supreme Court issued a conviction in the investigation into the qualified kidnappings of Eugenio Montti Cordero and Carmen Díaz Darricarrere, which occurred starting February 13, 1975, in the Metropolitan Region.

In a split decision, the ministers of the Second Chamber of the highest court accepted the appeal filed against the sentence of the Santiago Court of Appeals dated January 21, 2008.

The highest court sentenced the former director of the DINA, Manuel Contreras Sepúlveda, to 7 years of effective imprisonment; and Marcelo Moren Brito and Rolf Wenderoth Pozo to 4 years of imprisonment as perpetrators of two qualified kidnappings. They were granted the benefit of supervised release.

Meanwhile, Miguel Krassnoff Martchenko and Basclay Zapata Reyes were sentenced to 541 days of imprisonment as accomplices to two qualified kidnappings. The benefit of conditional remission of the sentence was granted.

Fernando Lauriani Maturana and Gerardo Godoy García were acquitted due to lack of participation.

Likewise, the decision to reject the claim for compensation for damages filed by the victims' families against the State of Chile was ratified.

Regarding the criminal aspect, the decision was adopted with the dissenting vote of ministers Segura and Ballesteros, who were in favor of accepting the statute of limitations for criminal action and determining the acquittal of all those prosecuted.

Regarding the civil aspect, the decision was adopted with the dissenting vote of ministers Dolmestch and Künsemüller, who maintain that these types of crimes are imprescriptible, both in the criminal and civil aspects, and were therefore in favor of granting compensation for the damage caused.

With this ruling, 15 sentences for this type of proceeding have been issued by the Supreme Court this year, and 43 since 2005.

History of their disappearance

Carmen Díaz Darricarrere and Eugenio Montti, who were 24 and 29 years old, respectively, were apprehended by DINA agents just a few meters from their home along with the latter's five-year-old son. Along with other detainees—Alan Bruce Catalán and Sergio Vásquez Sáenz—they were taken that same day to Villa Grimaldi, where they were interrogated and subjected to torture.

Both young people and the other detainees disappeared from that clandestine facility in the last week of February 1975, while the child, who had also been taken to Villa Grimaldi, was transferred to a children's home where he was found fortuitously by his relatives.

Source: Saturday, December 27, 2008, El Mostrador

Date: 12-27-2008

For the case of two forcibly disappeared persons, Solís convicts DINA leadership after interrogating Pinochet's former ministers

In a confidential manner, Minister Alejandro Solís interrogated a series of former members of the dictatorship's cabinet, within the framework of a proceeding requested by Manuel Contreras himself, the former head of the disappeared repressive organization.

After the proceedings, the magistrate estimated that their statements "do not alter the previous reasoning," and applied the tenth conviction for human rights violations against him.

Although Minister Alejandro Solís accepted the request filed by the defense of the former head of the dissolved DINA, retired General Manuel Contreras, regarding the claim that the former civilian authorities of Augusto Pinochet's regime endorsed that the detentions carried out by the dissolved organization were legal, the magistrate finally decided to maintain the classification of qualified kidnapping and issue a new conviction against him.

Attorneys Fidel Reyes and Javier Gómez, who represent the former officer, intended—through these testimonies—to establish that the MIR militants Eugenio Montti and Carmen Díaz, like the other forcibly disappeared persons, are no longer kidnapped and that their apprehensions were legal, by virtue of the exempt decrees signed by the administrative authorities.

Judge Solís's decision to take these statements in the evidentiary phase of these cases had been interpreted as a "triumph" by the retired military officer's defense, since a year ago they had requested that these inquiries be carried out, which was rejected by this magistrate, as well as by ministers Juan Eduardo Fuentes and Joaquín Billard, who also substantiate investigations against the organization headed by Contreras.

However, Solís did not change his assessment of the facts and still issued the tenth conviction for human rights violations against the former head of the DINA, as the perpetrator of the qualified kidnapping of these two opponents of the dictatorship, sentencing him to 15 years and one day of imprisonment.

Meanwhile, he also convicted former agents Marcelo Moren Brito and Rolf Wenderoth as perpetrators for both cases, while he applied a sanction of five years and one day to Osvaldo Romo for the qualified kidnapping of Montti.

Likewise, Solís punished Miguel Krassnoff and Basclay Zapata with five years and one day as accomplices, while he acquitted Fernando Laureani and Gerardo Godoy due to lack of participation in the events.

Eugenio Iván Montti Cordero, a graduate of Mechanical Engineering from the State Technical University and a militant of the MIR, was detained by DINA agents on February 13, 1975, along with his son Iván Montti Araya, 5 years old, and Carmen Díaz Darricarrere, at the home located at Los Illanes No. 95, Las Condes. (Source: memoriaviva.com).

According to the evidence collected in the judicial process, the two adults were detained at the clandestine detention facility Villa Grimaldi, the place from which their trail was lost.

Statements from former authorities

During the past month of November, Pinochet's former cabinet chiefs Ricardo García, Sergio Fernández, and Sergio Onofre Jarpa, retired General César Benavides, and Carlos Cáceres testified before Solís. Likewise, the former Undersecretary of the Interior, retired General Enrique Montero Marx, testified.

The former directors of the disappeared CNI, retired Generals Odlanier Mena, Gustavo Abarzúa, and Hugo Salas Wenzel, were also interrogated, as well as the former agent of the Joint Command, Otto Trujillo.

Detentions and deaths

As explained to this media outlet, the objectives sought by Contreras's defense aimed to establish that the detentions carried out by the former DINA were legal insofar as there was a decree-law that proscribed political parties and proselytizing activities after the 1973 military coup.

To that extent, the lawyers for the former officer—who is currently serving two final sentences: 12 years and one day for the qualified kidnapping of tailor Miguel Ángel Sandoval and another of 10 years and one day for the case of journalism student Diana Arón—sought to establish that the apprehensions carried out by the former security organization were lawful.

On the other hand, they also sought to prove through these testimonies that there was no state of war in Chile, which would challenge the application of the Vienna Convention on crimes against humanity, and that there was no institutional policy to order the kidnapping of people.

Another of the goals this strategy aimed for was to prove that the victims are not currently imprisoned, in order to undermine the application of the concept of permanent kidnapping, managing to impose the crime of qualified homicide, which in their view would be statute-barred under Chilean criminal legislation.

In fact, as in these two cases, the defense for "Mamo" will ask that these testimonies be included in all cases in which their client is involved (around 150). Likewise, through them, they will file review appeals before the Supreme Court to attempt to modify the "final" convictions that exist against the former officer.

Selected paragraphs

• Ricardo García, former Minister of the Interior (1985-1987): "Regarding those detentions associated with states of exception, which were carried out with exempt decrees and which conformed to the current constitutional and legal norms, it must be concluded that they did not suffer from illegality."

"Regarding the temporary arrest of people, it could be exercised through a Supreme Decree exempt from registration, signed by the Minister of the Interior 'by Order of the President of the Republic.' The situations of detention in states of exception, as well as by exempt decree in the expressed form, according to my memories, were proposed by the Investigative Police." "I never had knowledge that there was an institutional policy that contemplated kidnappings.

Nor did I have knowledge that there had been one before I joined my Secretariat of State."

• Sergio Fernández, former Minister of the Interior (April 1978 to April 1982 - July 1987 to October 1988): "During the periods I served as Minister of the Interior, there was no state of siege in the country, and according to the legislation in force at the time, arrest warrants had to be signed by the Minister of the Interior, under the formula 'by Order of the President of the Republic.'"

"The CNI was linked to the Government for administrative purposes through the Ministry of the Interior. This Ministry had neither oversight nor command over said Central, nor did it know of or was it informed of its operations. It also did not intervene in the appointment of its personnel. It was an autonomous and specialized military entity."

• Sergio Onofre Jarpa, former Minister of the Interior (1983 - 1985): "In my time as Minister of the Interior, there were never any kidnapped people."
• Enrique Montero Marx, former Undersecretary of the Interior (September 1973 until April 1982): "The Minister of the Interior, in relation to the detentions that were carried out by virtue of the state of siege, was limited exclusively to issuing an exempt decree that authorized them, indicating the full name of the detainee, the place where they remained, and the record that they remained subject to the surveillance and control of the Head of the respective Military Garrison or the authority of the Armed Forces or Carabineros to whom they delegated that power."
• Odlanier Mena, former director of the CNI: "The alleged victims of these files, Iván Eugenio Montti Cordero and Carmen Díaz Darricarrere, were not received as kidnapped persons of the DINA."

"During my tenure as Director of the CNI, there were no kidnapped people in the facilities of this organization; consequently, their release was not ordered."

• Otto Trujillo, former agent of the Joint Command: "Only on two occasions, in raids in which I participated, did the coordinating Officer, whether (Roberto) Fuentes Morrison or (Edgard) Ceballos, enter the houses and pose as DINA, at the end of 1975."

"I remember it happened on two occasions, one in La Granja; after the raid was completed, Marcelo Moren Brito was called, and a cache was found in that place with weaponry, I think they were AKA submachine guns.

Moren arrived in a salmon-colored Ford car; they continued searching and found another even larger cache. And the second was in the Los Cóndores de Plata neighborhood; in this case, they also identified themselves as DINA agents."

Source: December 2, 2006, El Mostrador

Date: 12-02-2006

Tribute to Carmen Díaz Darricarrere

Comrades, I saw on the web that you will hold a tribute to Carmen Díaz Darricarrere; I join this tribute from Paris. I had the honor of knowing Carmen in Temuco and of being a militant alongside her, in different units but always in contact.

She was an excellent comrade. After the coup, we lived through the anguish and pain of the repression together; we were together in some safe houses before she went to Santiago. And we also knew fun moments despite the horror of the time.

Carmen, who was a girl with a distinguished appearance, we "uglied her up" to give her a different look. Another time, several comrades were in a house, "El Flaco" Ariel and Carmen among others, and a military truck stopped and the soldiers came out with weapons in hand; everyone ran out the back.

Later we found out that they had only stopped because the landlady, in her haste, had put the Chilean flag upside down. I remember Carmen with infinite tenderness. Kisses, Kattie.

Source: archivoschile.com