Second indictment against General (ret.) Orozco

Investigating judge Daniel Calvo issued a new indictment against General (ret.) Héctor Orozco Sepúlveda, this time for the crime of aggravated kidnapping of Army non-commissioned officer Guillermo Jorquera Gutiérrez, who was forcibly disappeared in 1978, a case linked to the proceedings regarding the death of Orlando Letelier.

In addition to Orozco, Judge Calvo indicted Army Brigadier (ret.) Adolfo Born Pineda for the same crime. Both were notified at the Palace of Justice. It should be recalled that Judge Calvo had already indicted General (ret.) Orozco, along with two other former uniformed officers, as perpetrators of the crime of aggravated homicide of the former mayor of Cabildo, Mario Alvarado Araya, and five other people, an event that occurred in October 1973.

Source: El Mercurio, September 2, 2003

Brigadier (ret.) in custody is head of security at Copesa

The head of security for the Consorcio Periodístico de Chile S.A. (Copesa) turned out to be Army Brigadier (ret.) Adolfo Born Pineda, who was declared a prisoner on Tuesday and arrested by a resolution from investigating judge Daniel Calvo.

Born was indicted as the perpetrator of the crime of kidnapping and disappearance in 1978 of the Army’s Directorate of National Intelligence (DINE) non-commissioned officer Guillermo Jorquera Gutiérrez.

Born’s employment at Copesa was confirmed yesterday to La Nación by the corporate manager of administration and finance, Sergio Reszczynski. However, the manager clarified that “this gentleman was hired by the previous Copesa administration in May 1999.

The new owners of the company took over between the end of 2000 and the beginning of 2001.” Copesa publishes the newspapers La Tercera and La Cuarta, as well as the weekly magazine Qué Pasa. The manager stated that “we had no idea about this gentleman’s background, and that must be made very clear,” the executive affirmed.

Brigadier (ret.) Adolfo Born Pineda, previously unknown in the field of human rights violations during the military dictatorship, is accused by Judge Calvo of removing non-commissioned officer Guillermo Jorquera from the 14th Police Station of Santiago on January 23, 1978, and taking him to the office of the director of the DINE, the now-retired General Héctor Orozco Sepúlveda.

The non-commissioned officer disappeared from that day on. Calvo’s investigation established that on that day, non-commissioned officer Jorquera attempted to seek asylum at the Venezuelan Embassy, having been harassed within the Army due to his distancing from the sphere of military intelligence.

Upon attempting to seek asylum, Jorquera was detained by a Carabineros officer at the entrance to the embassy, leading to a fight between the two, for which he was subdued and taken to that police station.

Born arrived there as a captain and member of the Army Intelligence Corps (CIE), which was dependent on the DINE, to remove Jorquera by order of General Orozco. Manager Reszczynski said he did not know if Born would be fired from his position or if he would remain in his post while his procedural situation is resolved.

In any case, Born’s fate is bleak because he is indicted for kidnapping, and he has little chance of benefiting from amnesty.

Source: La Nación, September 4, 2003

Former agent Orozco convicted in DINE non-commissioned officer case

General (ret.) and former head of the Army Intelligence Directorate (DINE), Héctor Orozco Sepúlveda, and Brigadier (ret.) and former DINE agent, Adolfo Born Pineda, were sentenced to five years in prison as perpetrators of the kidnapping and disappearance of Army non-commissioned officer and fellow DINE agent, Guillermo Jorquera Gutiérrez.

This was the ruling of Judge Adriana Sottovia, acting for human rights cases on behalf of Judge Joaquín Billard. On January 23, 1978, non-commissioned officer Jorquera attempted to seek asylum at the Venezuelan Embassy, where he was surprised by Carabineros who handed him over to the DINE.

Born, then a captain, removed him from the 14th Police Station and brought him before Orozco. Since then, Jorquera has been forcibly disappeared. In 1976, the non-commissioned officer was assigned by the DINE to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to operate in intelligence and personnel control tasks for the Chancellery.

There, Jorquera handled a large amount of information, among other matters, regarding the false documentation (passport case) that the ministry provided to DINA agents who traveled to Washington to assassinate Allende’s former minister, Orlando Letelier.

At the end of 1977, the process for Jorquera’s discharge began due to events that occurred in the Chancellery related to intelligence tasks. At that time, the director of the Consular Department of that ministry, Carlos Osorio, who participated in granting false passports to agents Armando Fernández Larios and Michael Townley, with which they traveled to Paraguay to prepare the attack on Letelier, appeared “suicided.” On the day he tried to seek asylum, Jorquera visited the Comando Conjunto agent, Otto Trujillo, and told him of his decision to seek diplomatic protection, because “I am sure they are going to kill me just like Osorio,” according to Trujillo’s testimony in the proceedings. The lawyer for the Jorquera family, Nelson Caucoto, highlighted the conviction and stated that “this shows that the repression reached the ranks of the dictatorship’s intelligence services.”

Source: La Nación, May 8, 2007

Court convicts former DINE chief for kidnapping of former repressive agent

Retired General Héctor Orozco must serve eight years in prison for the disappearance of non-commissioned officer Guillermo Jorquera in 1978. Brigadier (ret.) Adolfo Born was also sentenced. The justice system convicted retired General Héctor Orozco, former head of the Army Intelligence Directorate (DINE), to eight years in prison for the aggravated kidnapping (disappearance) of an agent of that organization, judicial sources reported.

According to a ruling by the Santiago Court of Appeals, the same chamber also sentenced former DINE agent, retired Brigadier Adolfo Born Pineda, to six years for the same crime. The convictions refer to the kidnapping and subsequent disappearance of the non-commissioned officer and DINE agent, Guillermo Jorquera Gutiérrez, who on January 23, 1978, attempted to seek asylum at the Venezuelan embassy in Santiago, but was detained by Carabineros police.

Jorquera had learned that intelligence agents were looking for him, so he decided to ask for refuge in a diplomatic legation, when he was detained and handed over to Army officers. "From that moment on, he was never seen again," lawyer Nelson Caucoto of the Christian Churches Social Assistance Foundation (Fasic), a plaintiff in the case, told the Spanish agency EFE.

Caucoto recalled that both officers had been sentenced by Judge Adriana Sottovía to five years and one day. However, judges Lamberto Cisternas and Mauricio Silva, along with lawyer Paul Warnier, accepted the arguments of Caucoto, who appealed to increase the sentences.

The lawyer stated in his argument that Orozco could not receive the same sentence as Born Pineda, given that it is established in the investigation that the order to detain and forcibly disappear Jorquera was issued by Orozco while he was head of the DINE.

Both are still on provisional release, because their lawyers Marcelo Cibié (Orozco) and Miguel Ángel Parra (Born) appealed to the Supreme Court through a cassation appeal on the merits, and this resolution is pending. General Orozco was also director of Televisión Nacional during the dictatorship of the late Augusto Pinochet (1973-1990).

Source: El Mostrador, October 18, 2007

Supreme Court reduces sentence in human rights case

The Supreme Court accepted a cassation appeal in a human rights case, thereby reducing the sentence imposed on the two defendants for the kidnapping of Army non-commissioned officer Guillermo Jorquera Gutiérrez, which occurred on January 23, 1978.

The magistrates who make up the Criminal Chamber of the court unanimously accepted the motion and established that Héctor Orozco Sepúlveda would face a 4-year prison sentence as a perpetrator of aggravated kidnapping, and they also granted him the benefit of supervised release.

Meanwhile, the other defendant, Adolfo Born Pineda, was acquitted due to lack of participation. In the first-instance ruling, substitute judge Adriana Sottovia had determined a sentence of 5 years and one day, without any type of benefit, for both convicted men.

Subsequently, the Santiago Court of Appeals had increased the sentence, establishing 8 years for Orozco Sepúlveda and 6 for Born Pineda. Today, however, the landscape is different.

Source: El Mostrador, September 17, 2008

Conviction issued for aggravated kidnapping of former Army non-commissioned officer

The Supreme Court issued a final sentence in the investigation into the crime of aggravated kidnapping of the former agent of the Army Intelligence Directorate (DINE), Guillermo Jorquera Gutiérrez, which occurred starting January 23, 1978, in the Metropolitan Region.

In a unanimous ruling, the second chamber of the highest court accepted the cassation appeal filed against the ruling of the Santiago Court of Appeals and proceeded to sentence the former head of the DINE, Héctor Orozco Sepúlveda, to four years in prison as a perpetrator of aggravated kidnapping, granting him the benefit of supervised release.

Meanwhile, Adolfo Born Pineda, also a former agent of the organization, was acquitted due to lack of participation. On January 23, 1978, non-commissioned officer Jorquera attempted to seek asylum at the Venezuelan Embassy, where he was surprised by Carabineros who handed him over to the DINE.

Born, then a captain, removed him from the 14th Police Station and brought him before Orozco. Since then, Jorquera has been forcibly disappeared. In 1976, the non-commissioned officer was assigned by the DINE to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to operate in intelligence and personnel control tasks for the Chancellery.

There, Jorquera handled a large amount of information, among other matters, regarding the false documentation (passport case) that the ministry provided to DINA agents who traveled to Washington to assassinate Allende’s former minister, Orlando Letelier.

At the end of 1977, the process for Jorquera’s discharge began due to events that occurred in the Chancellery related to intelligence tasks. At that time, the director of the Consular Department of that ministry, Carlos Osorio, who participated in granting false passports to agents Armando Fernández Larios and Michael Townley, with which they traveled to Paraguay to prepare the attack on Letelier, appeared “suicided.” On the day he tried to seek asylum, Jorquera visited the Comando Conjunto agent, Otto Trujillo, and told him of his decision to seek diplomatic protection, because “I am sure they are going to kill me just like Osorio,” according to Trujillo’s testimony in the proceedings. The lawyer for the Jorquera family, Nelson Caucoto, highlighted the conviction and stated that “this shows that the repression reached the ranks of the dictatorship’s intelligence services.”

Source: El Mostrador, September 17, 2008

Former DINA agents not indicted removed from Army honorary payroll

Two former DINA agents who are not indicted for human rights violations but who remained on the Army’s list of honorary staff receiving monthly salaries for services rendered were removed from this payroll.

They are the Army Colonel (ret.) who was an aide to the former head of that illicit association, Manuel Contreras, Hugo “Cacho” Acevedo Godoy, and the cardiologist Sergio Pliscoff Marcovick. Given that the Army informed Minister of Defense Francisco Vidal and the Defense Commission of the Chamber of Deputies that, out of all the lists of permanent, contract, and honorary staff, there was no former DINA agent who was not indicted for crimes against humanity, La Nación asked the institution why Acevedo and Pliscoff were removed from the honorary list if no indictment hung over them.

The response from the Army’s Communications Department was that “the reasons for removing Mr. Hugo Acevedo Godoy and Mr. Sergio Pliscoff Marcovick from the Army’s honorary staff list were that both submitted their voluntary resignation to the institution.” In this way, there are now twelve former agents and members of that military branch who belonged to the repressive services who will stop receiving monthly payments as re-hired personnel.

Of these, ten are indicted for crimes against humanity committed during the dictatorship. There are three other former CNI and Army Intelligence Directorate (DINE) agents who, although indicted for these types of crimes, still remain on active duty.

The Army did not discharge them and kept them in service until a first-instance conviction exists against them. The former member of the DINA’s Rengo Brigade, Hugo Acevedo, received $751,259 monthly for consulting, while Pliscoff received $532,864 per month working at the Santiago Centro Military Medical Center.

Acevedo was one of the six former agents that La Nación Domingo presented in the report “DINA on the payroll” published on August 30. Pliscoff operated in the 1970s in the clinics where the DINA murdered prisoners, and later was a CNI doctor, operating until the end of 1989 in the clinical centers inherited from its predecessor.

Afterward, the Army re-hired him to continue working for the institution. Remaining on the honorary payroll are former CNI and DINE agents, Colonel (ret.) Pedro Pablo Bustos Valderrama and Adolfo Born Pineda, respectively.

Bustos, former military attaché to the United Nations, receives $1,341,205 monthly for consulting, and Born $873,018 as a “security analyst.” Born, former head of security at Copesa, was convicted in May 2003 to five years as a perpetrator of the kidnapping and disappearance in 1978 of DINE agent Guillermo Jorquera.

In 2007, the Santiago Court increased the sentence to six years, but in 2008 the Criminal Chamber...

Source: La Nación.cl, September 17, 2008

Conviction issued for aggravated kidnapping of former Army non-commissioned officer

The Supreme Court issued a final sentence in the investigation into the crime of aggravated kidnapping of the former agent of the Army Intelligence Directorate (DINE), Guillermo Jorquera Gutiérrez, which occurred starting January 23, 1978, in the Metropolitan Region.

In a unanimous ruling, the second chamber of the highest court accepted the cassation appeal filed against the ruling of the Santiago Court of Appeals and proceeded to sentence the former head of the DINE, Héctor Orozco Sepúlveda, to four years in prison as a perpetrator of aggravated kidnapping, granting him the benefit of supervised release.

Meanwhile, Adolfo Born Pineda, also a former agent of the organization, was acquitted due to lack of participation. On January 23, 1978, non-commissioned officer Jorquera attempted to seek asylum at the Venezuelan Embassy, where he was surprised by Carabineros who handed him over to the DINE.

Born, then a captain, removed him from the 14th Police Station and brought him before Orozco. Since then, Jorquera has been forcibly disappeared. In 1976, the non-commissioned officer was assigned by the DINE to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to operate in intelligence and personnel control tasks for the Chancellery.

There, Jorquera handled a large amount of information, among other matters, regarding the false documentation (passport case) that the ministry provided to DINA agents who traveled to Washington to assassinate Allende’s former minister, Orlando Letelier.

At the end of 1977, the process for Jorquera’s discharge began due to events that occurred in the Chancellery related to intelligence tasks. At that time, the director of the Consular Department of that ministry, Carlos Osorio, who participated in granting false passports to agents Armando Fernández Larios and Michael Townley, with which they traveled to Paraguay to prepare the attack on Letelier, appeared “suicided.” On the day he tried to seek asylum, Jorquera visited the Comando Conjunto agent, Otto Trujillo, and told him of his decision to seek diplomatic protection, because “I am sure they are going to kill me just like Osorio,” according to Trujillo’s testimony in the proceedings. The lawyer for the Jorquera family, Nelson Caucoto, highlighted the conviction and stated that “this shows that the repression reached the ranks of the dictatorship’s intelligence services.”

Source: El Mostrador, September 17, 2008

Judge Vicente Hormazábal convicts Army officer (ret.) for homicides at Cerro Topater in 1973

The visiting judge, Vicente Hormazábal Abarzúa, also applied to Born Pineda the legal accessory penalties of absolute perpetual disqualification for political rights and absolute disqualification for public offices and positions during the term of the sentence; plus the payment of court costs.

The extraordinary visiting judge for human rights violation cases of the La Serena Court of Appeals, Vicente Hormazábal Abarzúa, sentenced retired Army officer Adolfo Fernando Born Pineda to 10 years and one day of effective prison time as the perpetrator of the consummated and repeated crime of aggravated homicide of Francisco Valdivia Valdivia, Luis Busch Morales, and Andrés Rojas Marambio.

These crimes were committed in Calama on October 6, 1973. In the ruling (case file 3-2010), the visiting judge also applied to Born Pineda the legal accessory penalties of absolute perpetual disqualification for political rights and absolute disqualification for public offices and positions during the term of the sentence; plus the payment of court costs.

Cerro Topater In the resolution, Judge Hormazábal Abarzúa established: “That, with the evidence alluded to in the preceding motives, consisting of public instruments and statements from witnesses, both eyewitnesses and hearsay, as has been analyzed in each case, it has been proven beyond doubt that the victims, Mr.

Luis Busch Morales, Mr. Francisco Valdivia Valdivia, and Mr. Andrés Rojas Marambio, were detained on October 4 and/or 5, 1973, by a group called the Carabineros Intelligence Service (SICAR), and by military personnel, who subsequently transferred them to the facilities of the Río Loa Guard Post, also known as Dupont, dependent on the First Police Station of Calama (in charge of Raúl Aránguiz).

During their stay at said guard post, the victims were interrogated and subjected to physical duress. Then, two of them, Busch and Valdivia, were transferred to the Calama jail, to finally, on Saturday, October 6 of the same year, in the afternoon, be taken to the No. 15 Regiment of Calama, where it was decided to execute them, which was carried out on the outskirts of the city of Calama, in the Cerro Topater sector.” “Regarding Francisco Gabriel Valdivia Valdivia, it was proven that he was detained for the first time on September 20, 1973, during work hours, by Carabineros officials, that he was taken along with other coworkers to the Dupont Guard Post, interrogated under torture, and released the same day in the evening. This was accounted for by Mrs. Silvia Tapia Gallardo, his son Francisco Valdivia Tapia, who at the time was eleven years old, Mr. Senedio Jiménez Rojas, and Mr. Jermán Ramón Hidalgo Contreras at pages 3182 and 3417; all this evidence gives this court the presumption that Francisco Valdivia Valdivia was indeed detained in a prior instance, on September 20, 1973, by Carabineros officials, being tortured and released the same day,” he adds. “Subsequently –he continues–, on October 4, 1973, in the evening, he was detained again at his home by a contingent of Carabineros and military personnel, being transferred again to the Dupont Guard Post, a circumstance that was also proven, as already stated. Subsequently, on October 6, 1973, he was transferred to the city jail and from there he was taken out around 3:00 PM, which his spouse Mrs. Silvia Tapia Gallardo was able to see directly, to be transferred to the Calama Regiment. For his part, Andrés Rojas Marambio was detained on October 4 of that year by Carabineros officials, who had previously been searching for him, being transferred to the Dupont Guard Post, where he was also severely tortured, so much so that he could not even identify Mrs. Violeta Berríos Águila, who saw him and spoke with him on October 5 at the Dupont Guard Post, and the next day, October 6, 1973, during the afternoon, she saw him again when his face was disfigured by the blows received, and they exchanged a few words before they threw him into the back of a pickup truck. Another eyewitness to his stay at the guard post was official Ruperto Lara Muñoz.” “Regarding Luis Busch Morales, despite there being no certain data on the moment of his detention, which could have occurred on October 4 or 5, it is proven by the statements of witnesses Orlando Justiniano Aros and Rosa Sepúlveda Araya, recorded in the preceding motivations, that at least during the day of October 6, 1973, he was in the Calama Jail, from where he was removed, to subsequently arrive at the facilities of the city’s Regiment. It has been proven that by the afternoon of October 6, 1973, the three victims were in the facilities of the No. 15 Regiment of Calama, from where they were transferred by a contingent of Army officials to the Cerro Topater sector, where they were executed by firing squad, at approximately 6:30 PM, by a platoon formed by officials of the aforementioned Regiment, commanded by an Army lieutenant,” he concludes. For the visiting judge: “(…) the facts described in the preceding motive constitute the crime of aggravated homicide, in the consummated degree, provided for in article 391 No. 1, first circumstance of the Penal Code, since the murder of Mr. Francisco Gabriel Valdivia Valdivia, Luis Busch Morales, and Andrés Rojas Marambio was executed by the perpetrators acting with treachery, that is, on sure ground, dealing with three people who were detained by Carabineros officials of the SICAR, who, having been previously taken to other detention centers and interrogated with the application of torture, were transferred on October 6, 1973, to the No. 15 Regiment of Calama and, that same day, in the afternoon, at approximately 6:30 PM, the three people were executed by firing squad at Cerro Topater in Calama, in a context following the military coup in which the military forces had total and absolute control of the country.” “In this sense –he delves–, treachery is a qualifying circumstance that acts in the commission of the illicit act, which demonstrates greater danger to the protected legal good, the life of the human being, denoting a high degree of dangerousness on the part of the authors of these illicit acts, who had no reason to fear the failure of their actions and ran no risks of any kind since the police and military forces had absolute control of the country, the social reproach of their actions being even greater, insofar as it was developed in relation to three subdued victims, physically and mentally overcome, who had no possibility whatsoever of defending themselves against that illegal and unjust attack.” “That, regarding those aggravated homicides, furthermore, it must be considered that from the background information brought to the process, some elements flow to determine what were the true reasons for detaining Valdivia, Rojas, and Busch by the Carabineros officials, and although they tried to link them to a ridiculous terrorist plan, the truth is that it remains clear that it was political reasons that motivated the perpetrators to kill the victims, which constitutes crimes against humanity (…)”, he concludes.

Source: pdju.cl, March 7, 2023

Justice system increased to 20 years the sentence of Army brigadier (ret.) for the homicide of 3 socialist militants in Calama in 1973

The victims were Francisco Valdivia Valdivia (34 years old), Luis Busch Morales (29 years old), and Andrés Rojas Marambio (38 years old), who appear, in this same order, in the cover photo of this note.

The La Serena Court of Appeals confirmed the sentence issued by the extraordinary visiting judge for human rights violation cases, Vicente Hormazábal, in the part that convicted Army Brigadier (ret.) Adolfo Fernando Born Pineda as the perpetrator of three crimes of aggravated homicide.

The victims were Socialist Party militants Francisco Valdivia Valdivia (34 years old), Luis Busch Morales (29 years old), and Andrés Rojas Marambio (38 years old), who appear, in this same order, in the cover photo of this note, and who died by firing squad on October 6, 1973, in Calama.

In a unanimous ruling (case file 84-2023), the First Chamber of the appellate court –composed of judges Sergio Troncoso Espinoza, Iván Corona Albornoz, and judge Marcela Sandoval Durán– also increased from 10 to 20 years of effective prison time the sentence that Born Pineda must serve as the perpetrator of three homicide crimes.

In addition, it imposed the legal accessory penalties of absolute perpetual disqualification for public offices and positions and political rights, and absolute disqualification for professional titles for the duration of the sentence.

Among the mitigating factors considered by the court to increase the sentence for the repressor, it was noted that, «at the time of the occurrence of the crime, each of the victims had to listen as their companions were riddled with bullets, waiting for their turn, so that in view of the way in which the executions were carried out, it necessarily had to mean unnecessary suffering that increased the damage,» the ruling states.

The resolution adds that the above, «allows this Court to establish that, according to the motives and circumstances of the crimes committed, and the principle of material proportionality of the sentences, the one that best satisfies both assumptions is that located in the upper range in its highest part.» Likewise, the judicial ruling recalls that «as the jurisprudence of the Superior Courts of Justice has held, it cannot be maintained that the uprising against the constitutionally current government or the apprehension of supporters or social leaders aligned with the deposed regime constitute legitimate functions of the Armed Forces; even less so, murdering them or systematically forcibly disappearing them.» Finally, the La Serena Court asserts that it is not possible to maintain that the uniformed officer «did not have knowledge of the execution of an illegal action, when after annihilating the three victims, he required their burial in a hidden place, within the cemetery, handing over the bodies to their family only two years after the events.» «This evidences that, knowing that the act he was executing did not comply with any formality and was therefore illegal, he intended to hide its results,» the ruling concludes. Who were the victims? Luis Bush Morales was 36 years old. He was Bolivian, an agricultural engineer, and was detained on October 5 by Carabineros who took him that same day to the Calama Jail. Meanwhile, Francisco Gabriel Valdivia, 34 years old, was a worker, president of the National Explosives Company (Enaex) Union, and was detained at his home in Calama on October 4, 1973, by local Carabineros and taken to the Jail. He had previously been detained for one day, on September 20. For his part, Andrés Rojas Marambio, 38 years old, was a driver for the National Health Service, and was detained on October 5, 1973, by Calama Carabineros at his home and taken to the Jail. According to the Museum of Memory archive, coming –let us remember– from the Rettig Report (official instance of the State of Chile), the three victims mentioned in this case were sentenced to the death penalty by a War Council that, according to official versions, took place in Calama on October 6, 1973. The coup-plotting military accused the three socialist militants of participating in an attempted sabotage of the Dupont explosives plant of the Enaex company, a version that was published in the regional press. However, the archive notes, «this Commission did not obtain a copy of the respective process or the sentence,» adding that the executions «were carried out on the same day that the Council would have taken place and the remains of the executed were not handed over to their relatives until two years later, when they were indicated the place where they were buried and were allowed to exhume them.» Due to the above, the Rettig Commission «formed the conviction that the death of Luis Bush, Francisco Valdivia, and Andrés Rojas was the result of a prosecution carried out outside of all legality, incurring in a violation of their human rights, especially the right to a fair trial and to life, compromising the responsibility of State agents.» In that sense, the instance argued its conviction based on the following background: -Between the date of detention and the execution, only one day passed, which accounts for the impossibility of having carried out an adequate investigation and judicial process, had one existed; -Various testimonies account for the visible consequences of the duress to which the executed were subjected during that brief lapse of time, so any eventual confessions of theirs would lack value; -The accused did not have the right to be assisted by a lawyer and their relatives were not informed that they would be subjected to a War Council, so they could not provide them with legal assistance, and they found out about their sentences and executions through radio reports. A few months ago, El Ciudadano reported on the first sentence (to 10 years) against Brigadier (ret.) Adolfo Born Pineda. There, Judge Hormazábal detailed what was experienced by the three victims of this case.

Source: elciudadano.cl, October 7, 2023